A standard temperature for cooling would be around 23C and for heating around 19C with a band in the middle where neither heating nor cooling operate. In a fully air conditioned office there will be units in the ceiling that trim the local temperature to what is set on a central building management system (there may be a local temperature setpoint in the room for adjustment by the occupant but this is less common these days)
If there is a unit in the room that operates as heating/cooling, then it isn't a whole building system.
The whole system is run to be as energy efficient and cheap as possible, and the people paying the bills don't want to over-cool spaces as cooling energy is more expensive than heating energy.
Now shops, especially food shops, have zones which are kept cooler than normal areas, this is for the benefit of the food and the refrigerators/freezers.
If you notice it being cold when you walk into a shop, this isn't usually because they have the cooling on full blast, it's because of the difference in temperature between outside and inside - thermal shock. The temperature setpoint inside a shop is often set to be higher on a hot day to mitigate thermal shock and to save money on cooling.
Also, a cooling unit is designed to lower the temperature by a fixed maximum amount ( the cooling capacity) and so if it's say 28C outside, a unit with a cooling capability of 12C will get the temperature down to 23C no problem. If however it's 38C outside, you won't get it below 26C however hard you try (assuming there aren't any heat/cooling recovery units in play)
I design HVAC systems and am an energy consultant...