Islam or probably more specifically Sufism had quite an impact late medieval, to the beginning of the very early early modern period intellectual movements in Europe. Some of the most important works of Hermeticism translated by Ficino appear to have come from Muslim areas (although they are likely to predate Islam they themselves were probably influential on Sufism)
The expulsion of the Jews form the Iberian Peninsula in 1492 was important in the spreading of Kabbalah esp when adopted by people such as Richelieu et al.
neo platonism was also influential during the reformation period
people like Bacon, Dee and the Elizabethan court circle were doing their thing.
obviously all of this was underpinned by concepts and mythologies going back to Mesopotamia, Babylon, Egypt, prob some Far Eastern influence.
Ancient greek philosophy and work on mathematics obviously had an impact.
in truth everyone has had an impact, growth never came from those trying to maintain the status quo. Many of those who did push the boundaries eg Bruno, aggripa suffered.
todays culture and even the cultures we claim were its bedrock were in turn influenced by a wide variety of other cultures. It’s why cultural appropriation is a joke! There was an article the other day in one of the broadsheets of some idiot flogging himself about how he felt terrible about teaching yoga and appropriation- didn’t even stop to think most of modern yoga poses are Scandinavian gymnastics/British military exercises nicked during the days of Empire.
There’s never one right answer. Even if accepted Christianity as a bedrock there’s hundreds of different influences that have shaped Christianity.
what Christianity has been of over 1500 years in Europe is the filter through which Europeans have viewed all other cultures