For UK- Why do people need a licence to watch TV?
@jewishmum the TV licence fee is just for watching BBC channels, as they don't have any commercial adverts, which is how other channels are funded. If someone from outside the UK tries to view BBC content aimed at a domestic audience, it is blocked for that reason - they haven't paid for a licence to see it.
The BBC does now make a huge amount of money from their worldwide operations, where they act as other channels do and licence their content for transmission, for an agreed fee. And someone outside the UK looking at international BBC web content will see adverts.
When the licence fee was introduced, there were only the BBC channels, but the situation has got more and more complicated as the number of channels and ways of accessing TV content has grown. There's often a debate about whether licencing should be scrapped and the BBC should become a commercial operation.
Having lived in a few other countries in my time and watched national channels in those places, I would personally pay DOUBLE the licence fee to avoid the adverts every 20 minutes or so, without even taking anything else into account.
The BBC also has as part of its remit a responsibility to provide a broad range of programming, and to maintain impartiality in its news reporting etc. Again, there are different opinions on how well it always does that, but when I was first in the US and saw Fox News, I literally could not believe that such one-sided interpretation of every single news story was legally allowed to be presented as "news". So far (with the exception of one recent channel that I don't think is doing well anyway), we've avoided that here, as commercial news channels have adopted the same sort of neutrality to compete with the BBC.
Probably a longer answer than you were expecting! But I truly believe that the BBC, for all its faults, (and it is quite rightly held publicly accountable to those), is a huge asset in providing information and entertainment, in a way that wouldn't be possible if it was a standard commercial company relying on advertising rather than longer-term planning based on licence fees.