In America are College and University names for the same thing or is College more for practical subjects ?
College means undergraduate-only, university means with graduate school. A college tends to graduate people only with a BA/BS, while a university would also have PhDs.
In practice, people just say college (or even school) when talking about their undergrad, even if they go to a university. (So, e.g., people at Arizona State University would say “I’m going to college.”) Nobody says “I’m going to university.”
No difference in prestige. A community college, which only teaches up to an associate’s degree, is a different thing, but many of the most prestigious schools in America (Swarthmore, Amherst, Williams, etc.) are just colleges.
Question for Americans - do you really have American flags by your front door or is that just in the films?
A lot of people do, yes. Others only put them out for special occasions, particularly the 4th of July or Memorial Day. Doesn't necessarily indicate anything politically. I would guess you weren't a radical leftist, but other than that, all political stripes do it. Flags in general are more common, like flying a flag of your university, your state, or your favorite professional sports team.
Do americans really only get 10 days paid annual leave from work?
What is the maternitiy / paternity allowance?
Some of them. It varies by company. There is no law outside statutory holidays (e.g. federal holidays like Thanksgiving), and even those can be worked if you give extra pay.
There is no national requirement for paid sick or parental leave. Some states have required it, but they’re few.
Only about 20% of workers have access to explicit paid maternity leave. About 40% have access to what they call short-term disability, which can cover parental leave costs. Everyone else is fucked.
Democrats keep trying to introduce it; Republicans keep killing it.
Again, if you’re upper middle class, you’ll probably work for a company that has good leave policies as part of their benefits, just as they’ll subsidize good health care, have good retirement benefits, maybe even chip in to your child's education. If you’re very poor you’ll get some (though small) state support. If you’re what we call working class, you’re really, really fucked.