I think approaches to education, and the strategies employed reflect the social, economic and political context of the time.
I have a few of my grandfather's school exercise books from 1907. His drawings of local plants (probably taken from plants picked on nature walks), and of maps, are beautifully neat, and clearly labelled. The maps he drew are also traced and coloured skilfully. They show all the parts of the 'Empire'. He was six years old, and I would be astonished to see a six year old today with those skills (or exposed to such a level of indoctrination).
Yet, he had to learn the three 'Rs' quickly because he left school at 13 to work on the farm. neatness was also important in a world where handwriting was still the dominant mode of everyday communication and calculation.
My mother went to a private school and wanted to study theology. However, she had to leave to work before her School Certificate. It was war time and they needed her at home (again on the farm). She was 15. My father left at just 14, during the Depression to work in the family business. They never had the opportunity to return to education.
I started school bang in the middle of the swinging sixties, but the discipline and teaching was from another century. We had to stand behind our chairs until the teacher told us to sit down. We had to work in silence. Breaches of rules were punished by being slapped by the teacher or sent to stand in the corner with your face to the wall. A lot of work was copying. Yet, there was a focus on reading (which I loved) and learning to spell (which stood me in good stead later, but had no sympathy for any child with dyslexia or other SpLD). There was no National Curriculum and most of the pupils at the village school failed the 11 + because they were not taught all the subjects the exam covered.
Anyone who (miraculously) passed the 11 + went to a grammar school and was taught with a view to going on to university or entering the civil service (so we were told). Those who went to the secondary modern could study for a trade.
However, the secondary modern school that I attended was pretty dire, and as others have stated, bullying was rife and not dealt with. There were divisions according to gender (girls did needlework; boys did woodwork and metal work, and girls could live in a flat and learn life skills towards the end of their academic career). There was also streaming (CSEs or 'O' levels). If anyone has watched the film 'Kes', that was a pretty accurate reflection of my secondary school.
Yet, to some extent, you could still leave school and pick up a job and take further qualifications at 'tech' college and so on.
By the time my children went to school (early 2000s), children were being educated for a world very different from the world of previous generations. The internet brought new ways of learning, working patterns had changed and our status as global citizens was being embraced. Yet, I should imagine some of the material and approaches used then would now be outdated.
So, when I hear my peers talk about the 'good old days' when teachers were respected, discipline was accepted and children knew how to read and write. I think of it as nostalgic nonsense. There were some things that could be admired , but the system was there to process children to fit a certain model of society. Education still does this, but I believe the model is one which embraces diversity and respects the creativity of children to a greater extent than it has ever done in the past.