@Thepeopleversuswork
Interesting comments
I would just add
More societal pressure on men to make money, money seen as inherent to status
Very true, I would say this pressure comes in both directions from both men and women. Many men see their status within their peer group as enhanced if they are perceived to be 'successful'. Many women, also view a man who has a stable, high earning career as a desirable trait when looking for a partner. When boys are still at school taking A levels they are more likely to be picking STEM subjects that that get them onto degrees with high earning potential. Look at any university and the demographics of the computing and engineering courses compared to humanities.
Sexism in the workplace means that men tend to get promoted more quickly and paid more than women
I think there is a bit more nuance to this just 'sexism'. Mainly driven by the 'status' aspect above men are way more likely to pursue and apply for promotions. Men are way more likely to work overtime, change jobs, take on a longer commute, and work longer core hours if means a pay rise and a promotion rather then siloing themselves within an organisation waiting to be offered a step up. Men are way more likely to ask for a pay rise (whether it is deserved or not). When applying for a new job that has a pay range advertised, men almost always pitch themselves at the top end, even if their experience and qualifications do not marry up with the higher paid bracket.
An anecdotal observation, I work in oil and gas/renewables, while there is still not parity insofar as equal representation of men and women the industry it has come a long way from when I started out. From a personal observations throughout my career I have seen women (younger grads) are way less likely to take on overseas assignments that are crucial to career development. Working offshore, or in some fabrication yard in west Africa is a bit of a rite of passage in the industry, you get to work a few years along side some seasoned professionals and see up close the design solutions you have been working on in the home office being being built and installed at site. The work can be dirty and challenging but you gain an awful lot of vital experience as well as earning quite a bit extra for working in a 'hardship location'. Part of the graduate training programmes includes this site experience element and despite plenty of encouragement I have repeatedly seen these young women turn these opportunities down despite being made fully aware of them as part of the grad selection process, we can't force them to go so they stay in the home office. Often the excuses for not going are, well, a bit weak (pet cat, boyfriend, don't want to get dirty, will miss friends and family etc). Come promotion time they are at a considerable disadvantage compared to the folk who have a couple of years 'hard' experience under their belts. Chatting to industry colleagues it is a common theme across different organisations. How do you resolve the issue of getting more women into leadership roles if they are handicapping themselves during their early training and development?
And then when you get into the business of child-bearing and the early years of having children its a whole world of pain: women are often limited in their ability to work in these early years for physical reasons (breastfeeding etc) but this is when the heavy duty sexism kicks in at work
Agree, there also needs to be a wholesale change in attitude by employers that frowns upon men who wish to take full maternity leave or the workplace early due to a child related issues (it is expected that women down tools and go home to fix whatever the issue is).