That's the mistake most people make.
Your career is something you need to be working on in addition to your day job. It's not about working hard, but focusing on the correct things.
My first job, team was terrible. Line manager didn't care, I had no work for 6 months, etc. So I nosed around, found out what other people were doing, and maneuvered myself into a team with a great boss. I learnt so much from him, got promoted, got great projects etc.
There was an element of luck. I was lucky to get a first job at a large company, with clear and structured HR guidelines showing the skills required to advance. Lucky, with my 2nd boss. But I didn't just sit down, 'work hard' at what I was given (that nobody cared about). I was strategic, I took the initiative, promoted myself.
I also did a lot of work on personal development. I'm not extroverted, I don't talk over people in meetings and I find it hard to interrupt even if people waffle on. But I got the message out, my way, to the people who mattered. They noticed, they thought of me when stuff needed doing, and here I am.
Most people don't realize this. They think they just do their job, work hard, go home and it'll be noticed. How will people know what you've done if you don't tell them?
I think of it like dating really. There are always lucky people who met their spouses at uni, while living their lives with no extra effort. Nobody can guarantee you a relationship. But the more you put yourself out there, the higher your chances.
There's also the barriers to women advancing but that's a whole different topic and this post is long enough as it is...