Food. I’m in only in my 20s but I grew up in Spain during the financial crisis of 2007 and beyond. My family is extremely poor and often there was no money for either heating, or food. My parents were both laid off in 2011 and the struggle was real.
I’m used to wearing 3-4 layers during winter (Spain might be ‘warm’ but houses are not designed to keep any heat inside them, and it gets freezing after a week of constant sub-15 temperatures).
Walking around the house in leggings and a jumper during winter is a luxury. Thermal tights + leggings + a thick pair of joggers or jeans on top is how everybody there grew up, just 10-15 years ago. Vest, warm top and jumper or hoodie all worn together. Fluffy socks and good slippers. Blankets if that wasn’t enough.
My parents prioritised the younger children’s bedrooms to run a small electrical or gas heater in the evenings. Mobile children and adults can bundle up, but I would always prioritise some heat in a baby’s/young child’s room for sure.
You can always add an extra jumper, but there’s not much you can do about hunger - except eat food. Most people in Spain are now used to cook double portions of everything for dinner, and you reheat for lunch/dinner the day after. Saves electricity from running the cooker or oven twice, and you only buy a limited amount of ingredients which is both cheaper from the get go, and decreases waste. Filling, nutritionally varied and cheap is more important than flavour variety and keeping meals ‘interesting’. It was surprising for me to see a lot of people in the UK cooking fresh dinner every night, when I moved there as a teen!