@caroline161
Incase you are looking for help (longest post ever but stick with me)
Archimedes first made the displacement discovery. This is a way to calculate the volume of an irregular shape. If we have a cube, we can find the volume by measuring but we can't measure funny, lumpy shapes and calculate in the same way. So his displacement discovery allows us to find our volumes. When you submerged a funny shapes item into fluid, the amount of food pushed out is equal to the volume. See my comment above for that in more detail.
Archimedes then started thinking about things which float vs things which sink, and how the volume of fluid being pushed out related to that. Can we use that displacement of fluid to work out buoyancy?
When we use fluid we mean liquid or gas, so this applies to things floating in liquid like water but also to things floating in the air.
Archimedes principal states that When a body is immersed completely or partially in a fluid, it experiences an upward force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Simply, when something is either submerged or floating, the force pushing up against it is the same as the weight of fluid it pushes aside. So, if it pushed aside 200g of water or air then that would mean that the force pushing up against it is 200g. This is the buoyant force.
How does this knowledge help is find out if something will be buoyant (float)?
For something to float, it's density much be less than the buoyant force against it.
Density = mass/volume. So we can use Archimedes displacement theory above to work out the volume of any object, and we get the mass by weighing it. Use those figures to work out density.
Imagine a cube of iron. It's very dense, it has a lot of weight contained in a small volume. If we drop that into water, the small volume will only displace a small amount of water. Remember, that the water displaced is equal to the force pushing back against that iron cube from below. The cube pushes aside a small amount of water, so that means only a small force is pushing up against it as it sinks. That force isn't larger than the density of the cube (too small) so the cube overpowers it and sinks. You can look up figures for all of that.
Now imagine a hot ait balloon. It's huge. Massive volume. When it inflates, it has to push loads of air out of the way. The amount of air it's just pushed out of the way is equal to the force which is about to push up against the balloon, and its huge.
We would then work out the density of the balloon, it's full of helium which really isn't dense at all. In the scenario, the buoyant force pushing against the balloon is a much bigger number than the density of the balloon, so the balloon floats.
So, if we want to know if we're building something which will float or sink, we would use Archimedes principal. We'd find the volume of the thing we are making. This volume is equal to the byoant force which will push against it.
We then work out the density.
If the density is bigger than the buoyant force then it will sink. If the density is smaller than the buoyant force then it will float.