Wow Augusta. Telling someone with a mental illness that their version of events can't be relied on. OP's husband doesn't even need to gaslight her with you to do it for him does he?
OP it sounds like he was frustrated and acting out. And yes it does sound like he's "jealous" in some way of your illness and that you have time off for it. Mental health problems are the only illness where this would be the case - if you had a broken leg he wouldn't be this way (unless he really fucking hates his job!).
Quite a lot of important questions and context needed to properly assess the severity of this though.
Did he know about your mental health problems before you married/got together? It's possible he is anxious that they are escalating and that your lives will collapse and isn't reacting well to his feelings of fear and powerlessness (cf. most men). Maybe in a calmer moment try and draw him out on this a bit?
Is he often unkind about this or indeed other things? If so, why have you put up with it until now? What are his good points?
What is the rest of your support network like? And does he have people he can talk to/offload on/sub in when he's exhausted?
Basically while Augusta's manner towards you (and other posters) is totally unacceptable and obviously influenced by what she has suffered with her own partner, the point overall is a fair one - supporting someone with mental illness is incredibly hard in lots of ways. If this bad attitude is not his normal response to you, it could be the canary in the coal mine that he is struggling. Which is no excuse and not your fault, but it would definitely be worth taking a deep breath and discussing it calmly with him, explain how much it hurt you to be spoken to like that but say it has concerned you and you want him to tell you how he's feeling and what he needs to cope better - bearing in mind you stopping the medication that is prescribed for you helping you, or going back to work before you're ready, are not on the table.
Just start the conversation and see where it goes. If you think it is likely to get heated and be unproductive, maybe try and have a disinterested mediator - a mutual friend, or your GP/mental health nurse in the room to help guide things productively.
Wishing you much better soon 