Fascinating thread! I’m an anthropologist, and this stuff is my bread & butter (scuse the pun).
I’ll add this to the mix: the mixing of cultures, and the dilution of the majority culture have had a huge effect, I reckon. Not good, not bad, but relevant.
Where one culture reigns supreme, the norms around food are understood by everyone and anyone who does different (or overindulges) is pulled back into line by their society. These ‘norms’ generally balance out over time, so that the food that is eaten and rate it’s eaten at and portion size seem to all contribute to a ‘workable’ and ‘fairly healthy’ lifestyle for that group.
Nowadays everything is up to the individual. When they eat, how much, alone or in company, the type of food. No one pulls you up anymore, no one monitors your rate of physical work/exercise, no one has any influence over (or interest in) your diet. Your Thai PILS know to stay out of your business, cos their kid married a Norwegian and who are they to advise or have an opinion? No neighbour raises eyebrows at what they can smell cooking in your kitchen, or can presume from what you eat at your desk that they can judge your life. You could be eating 4 doughnuts for morning tea, but running a marathon and chowing down on quinoa salad all weekend. 50 years ago, there’d be a ‘caring’ intervention, and likely affect your career.
Generally I think this new way has had huge benefits to society. We aren’t tied to a weekly shop, a single culture’s food, etc. We don’t have to swallow and retch at stuff that our society insists we eat. We love to have global food at our fingertips, delivered ready-made, on our timetable. Or indulge our love of cooking whenever we get the urge (and can afford it). Or be able to tailor diets with regard to allergies, preferences and intolerances.
Downside is, now we’re used to getting what we like, not what we need. We justify what we do very easily. We get cross at being judged for our choices. We think willpower will save us, but we drown that voice of moderation out before it opens its mouth. We know our workday and household responsibilities have increased from the oldendays (like, 50 years ago), so we need the ‘play hard’ part to reward ourselves with.
Thousands of calories a day are sneaking into our diets. Healthy foods are falling off the top of the food pyramid, rather than providing a foundation.
Obesity was always going to be a side effect of these new freedoms, wasn’t it? Everyone can do everything now. Curry for afternoon tea? Cool. Chips & beer for dinner on Friday? Why not, you’ve earned it. The only repercussion (ill health) might only be felt years into the future, so why not do, eat, drink what feels good today?
I don’t say there’s universal agreement on this, but the power our elders had over our diets is long gone. Now we’re all acting like kids in the candy shop, it’s not surprising our insides (and our teeth) are suffering.
Apologies for the long post, I got a bit excited!