I haven't got any useful advice Maybemable but I sympathise. The education system in the UK is built on the premise that there is a parent around to put in many hours a week of formal educational support. It's one of the reasons we have such poor social mobility in this country. In my view, schools entrench inequality because they rely so much on parental input.
Before anyone starts on me, this is NOT a go at teachers, who already have to pick up far too many pieces from the result of inadequate parenting. This is an observation that support for family, education and society-wide services (e.g. child services, libraries, free extra-curricular activities for children, etc) is at an all-time low in the UK and children are suffering as a result.
Children spend 6 hours a day at school. That's only 2 hours less than a typical adult's working day. And it has to be balanced against the fact that children require more sleep. 6 hours a day of formal learning should be enough without children having to spend an extra hour at home each evening - most working people wouldn't be happy with that expectation placed on them by their employers.
Where is the time for children to take part in extra-curricular activities which educate them less formally but are just as important? Where is the time for children to just relax?
What happens to the children whose parents can't or won't enable that extra home learning? They get left behind by the very institution that's supposed to enable them to break out of that situation.
The truth is that we need more money spent on child services so that children's home lives are good enough that schools can concentrate purely on formal education to a level where home input shouldn't be making that much difference.
As a working parent I really struggle with homework commitments. I work shifts, which mean I have to co-opt people in to enforce spelling practice, reading and topics. We sometimes have to give up our one family day in order to spend a few hours creating some sort of fact file as part of homework. Personally, I feel my children's well-being and education would have been better served by my taking them out for the day as a family and letting them see and learn something that way. But that's not the system we have and I don't want my children to be made to feel 'different' at school so we muddle along as best we can.
While the children from disadvantaged backgrounds don't, fall further behind, and start displaying a 'naughty' "I don't care" attitude to disguise the fact they feel let down not just at home but that school further punishes them for that.