en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expatriate
Not Benidorm
www.degruyter.com/view/j/njmr.2012.2.issue-3/v10202-011-0043-8/v10202-011-0043-8.xml?format=INT
Not Benidorm
www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2015/mar/13/white-people-expats-immigrants-migration
Not Benidorm
www.thelocal.de/20140617/are-you-an-expat-or-immigrant-in-germany
Not Benidorm
magazine.good.is/articles/immigrant-v-expat
Not Benidorm
www.antropologi.info/blog/anthropology/2011/expats-and-migrants
Not Benidorm
www.theguardian.com/media/mind-your-language/2011/apr/11/mind-your-language-expat-brits
Not Benidorm
I can get more. Google is extraordinarily generous on this topic.
We can be mealy mouthed and talk about dictionary definitions, origins of words that previously existed in a context that bears no relation to today's world and arguments about potential minute differences that may or may not have existed in the past. But we know in British sources:
-a Turk in Germany is more often than not referred to as a migrant worker/immigrant
-a Pole in Britain is more often than not referred to as an economic migrant/immigrant
-A Briton or American, anywhere except home, more often than not, is referred to as an expat.
It has nothing to do with differing reasons for coming, how long we stay, what we do for a living. That would require an interview per person regardless of exit point, a check list and some kind of agreed upon clear definition between the terms being behind who got called what.
IF there was just an objective specific ' how long / doing what / why" definition assigned to migrant worker/economic migrant/immigrant/expat as labels there would be considerable variance in the colour and national origins of the people in each seperate box of "foreign types".
But there isn't. Hand somebody an "foreign types" box, of all the "expat" references in the anglophone press, in any given week .... and they can predict correctly most of the nationalities contained within. Despite having an enitre world of nations to choose from.
IF there was a clear distinction between migrant worker, immigrant and expat we'd read more of this
"The number of Turkish migrant workers has fallen, whereas the number of Turkish immigrants is stable. In contrast expats from Turkey now number X."
and less of
"Turkish migrant workers now number X."
You'd even see references to "British migrant workers, immigrants and expats living in the rest of the EU..." in the Daily Mail. Cos it would be about distinct, measurable categories. And not value judgments.
We know these are subjective, value judgment laden terms. (Ever heard of an "illegal expat" ?)
If they weren't, almost no Britons/Americans/Australians etc. would be invested in clinging on to expat and there wouldn't be any need to scrabble away from being called a migrant worker, immigrant or economic migrant. Because it wouldn't make a blind bit of difference which one was used, so it would be no skin off anybody's nose in terms of how they viewed themselves, or how others viewed them.
Clinging to expat and its "not the same beastie as an immigrant/economic migrant" status isn't the best foot forward for Britons living and working in the EU who would rather not have a question mark plonked on their right to stay and work there. Many of the people who would vote Britain out of the EU will not factor in anything other than an outflow of immigrants and economic migrants.
Why would they ?
There are none to flow back in as far as they are aware.
Just some of those exotic expat creatures. Which is a completely different kettle of fish. Allegedly.