Rights issues are INCREDIBLY complicated, but essentially Loeri is right. Broadcasters like the BBC don't engage in negotiations with overseas governments about rights to show their programmes there; they engage with overseas media outlets to sell these outlets the rights to broadcast the BBC's output overseas.
Say the BBC produce something, say Human Planet, which was made in conjunction with Discovery and BBC Worldwide. The BBC own the rights to show it in the UK, and Discovery in the US. The rights to show it elsewhere are then negotiated with other broadcasters; so for example, ABC bought it in Australia, NRK in Norway.
The BBC runs a "BBC Showcase" programme market every year, where overseas broadcasters come to bid for the rights to show BBC programmes.
Owners of media rights are largely free to sell broadcast licenses to whoever they want. The Premier League sold overseas broadcasting rights for the Middle East, for example, to Al Jazeera. Nothing to do with the governments in the Middle East.
Most standard BBC contracts these days include terms that allow the BBC the right to rebroadcast/online broadcast/overseas rights but there are many that don't, especially if they were made by external production companies. Which is why a proposal for an online site with pay per view BBC programmes viewable worldwide would be impossible to implement, as whilst the BBC own the rights to many programmes, there are many popular ones they don't own the complete overseas rights to, either because they never had them anyway or have sold them. Or they might own the overseas rights but not the online rights. They make far more from selling them to overseas broadcasters than they would even in the medium term by keeping the rights and doing online pay per view, so it won't happen.
In some cases, you'll find the BBC iPlayer doesn't have something that was shown yesterday or whenever because the BBC don't own the online rights to it. This is the case with, for example, saturday night's Match of the Day highlights wasn't last year, as the FA Premier league own the rights to the online broadcast of matches and didn't grant the right to the BBC (though this will change for 2013/14 season).
And this only scratches the surface of the complexity......
(ex BBC Online employee of many years, media analyst)