Prepare yourselves for a long one.
Foxes do not hunt for 'pleasure', and nor do cats, because that's been brought up too. It is human engineering of livestock that enables foxes to kill so many. Foxes cache their prey - which means they take the lot and plan to bury it for later. When the fox finds itself in an overstuffed hen house there is more than it could ever consume but, true to instinct, the fox kill the lot and plan to cache it. Before the fox can return for the rest, humans have usually found the remains of the kill and prevent the fox getting the lot by one means or another, usually by removing the dead.
It has been noted that better animal husbandry is more effective in protecting livestock than killing foxes is.
We, and that is zoologists, only know of one other animal than man who kills for 'pleasure', and that's dolphins. It was thought that chimps did it too, but it turns out they kill for territorial gain.
Unsurprisingly or surprisingly, depending on how much you've read, fox numbers have not boomed since the ban. Around 425,000 fox cubs are born each year and enough are culled or die naturally without hunting that the population is not growing. It's thought that packs contributed 5% of fox mortalities, roughly 23,000 foxes a year. Roughly half of those would have been cubs, killed (by dogs or for practice, or both) before the main hunting season. It's likely that any survivors, now outcasts, failed to find territory and died anyway.
The cost of foxes to farmers through livestock killings was £12 million a year. However since foxes mainly feed on rabbits, who cause over £100 million worth of damage a year, you could argue that farmers will suffer more (shock horror) without foxes. But why not just cull rabbits too? Or we could just let nature work it out for free, genius.
There was a temporary ban in (I think) 2001 when we had the foot & mouth outbreak. Zoologists used the opportunity to see how fox numbers were affected after there was no hunting on their territory. There was no change. They also looked at the control of fox populations in commercial forestry by gunmen. They found that the more foxes were there, more were successfully killed in the hunting season (autumn and winter). However, no matter how many were killed in season, numbers always replenished in spring. So, we can conclude that hunts (and on a national level, culling, because we know that foxes will just restock with new young) are not an effective means of control.
There is no evidence to suggest foxes were killed swiftly by dogs. Most post-mortems done on what was left of hunted foxes showed that death was caused by multiple injuries and not from blood loss due to a neck bite from a trained animal. There is also no evidence to suggest that dogs picked off sick or weak foxes, it is far more likely that cubs were targeted.
You may be surprised to know that it is still legal to send one, lone terrier down a fox den to flush it out. It's limited to one dog because of concerns that more than one will do lots of damage to other wildlife's habitat, namely, bird habitats. The welfare of the dog and fox is left to be judged by the supervising gamekeeper who is under obligation to recall his dog if either party becomes distressed.
The hunting ban has 0 to do with urban foxes. Hunting had 0 to do with urban foxes. Urban foxes are not 'flushed out' of the countryside by swelling numbers, fox populations have never been high enough to warrant that. Urban foxes are such a problem because human homes were built on their dens and now you are in their territory. Why would they leave their territory? Why should they leave, when easily accessed bin bags are filled so full with food? The answer lies much the same as it does with rural foxes and livestock husbandry - it's humans who could manage waste and disposal better to contain the issue. By killing the fox, you make room for a new one. By containing your waste, the foxes will vacate in search of food.
This is a short epic and doesn't even scratch the surface of the studies I have read. There are short snippets of lots of different points, because lots of different points have been raised over the last 7 or so pages.
I may return for a lurk but I doubt I will post on this topic again, I'm not sure what more I can add without writing another novel. If anyone's interested I can PM you the names of the authors whose studies I have read.
Oh shit, this really is an epic. Fuck.