I have namechanged for this as dont want to out myself! I think you have had some really good advice on career options so thought would answer the question of how I got to where I got to, in case any of it helps.
I earn over £500k a year. My school was nothing special but I worked like a demon at GCSEs and A levels and got into a Russell Group university. Don't think I am particularly clever but I worked hard. Worked like a demon again to get a good degree and then got a job in the City. Fair to say that first 12 years of career, I pretty much worked a 6 day work, approx 15 hours a day. It meant every couple of years I was promoted, faster than my peers.
I planned every promotion and made sure that I took every opportunity to get as much experience as possible. As I got more senior, the skills I needed were different but each year I would make a plan as to where I wanted to get to and what skills I needed to develop. If I came across a block in my skillset, I would buy books that would help and was willing to go on courses (both paid for by myself and by my company).
I am described by people as being very single minded, driven and guess I would add in ambitious. I have never been afraid to ask for promotion and if I thought a I wasnt getting paid what I was worth, I said so.
In terms of sacrafices, I think some of my relationships with friends suffered a bit at the beginning but my close friends stuck by me. Obviously wasn't always fun at the beginning of career with long hours.
In terms of where I am at now, I have slowed down a little bit, as you can't keep up that pace forever! My kids and lovely DH are my number one priority but I have "earned" that right at work as I am now senior enough to be flexible in my hours and to have people working for me who pick up my "slack".
Best of luck! :)