Right - my way of solving the 'benefit culture' issue below, however, none will be taken up by government as all will cost more in the short term...
1/ IS for 1 year only. The state will pay for a 'maternity leave' after that, you're expected to look for work. In order to make this possible, nursery provision is needed.
Vouchers would be provided for nursery placements on a sliding scale, from 100% of the fee if you're earning minimum wage to just a token amound (say 10% of fees) up to £24k (the average wage being currently £25k). Councils will have responsibility of ensuring there are enough places available at nurseries in their areas, providing state run nurseries if required.
2/ Making long term unemployed more attractive to employers - if a company hires someone who's been unemployed for more than 12 months, the company doesn't have to pay the employer national insurance contribution for 6 months. OK, so you might get unethical employers hiring someone for 6 months then getting rid of them, but at least the person who's been employed now has something on their CV and is back in the habit of working. 6 months is a good length of time to prove yourself to an employer as well who might otherwise see you as a risk
3/ Make signing off/on easier and flexible to allow for temp work. Perhaps an online system where you can log in a 'sign off' for one day - loosing 1/5 of your JSA. This way, you can do upto 4 days work and still get something from benefits and not have to go through the paperwork and the delay of signing back on. If you need to sign off for a full week, a fortnight etc it needs to be easy to do with no fear of loosing out.
There's a lot of flexible work that people are reluctant to take as the hassle of signing off/back on makes it seem worthless. This will help unemployed people build up a CV, prove themselves when permanent roles become available.
4/ not sure how this would work - but some sort of support network for young people moving out of their home area for work. The idea that you can just move to where there is work assumes you are completely independant and able emotionally to cope away from your support network. I first left home at 18 to go to uni, but I moved into halls, there was a whole structure of people giving me maps round the town, helping me register for a GP & dentist, there was someone in each hall who was in charge of welfare of the students and an instant community to help you settle. There needs to be something like that for younger people wanting to move where work is rather than just a 'get on your bike' attitude.
5/ (this one shouldn't cost too much) different levels of JSA - higher for the first 6 months, then dropping dramatically. Put a deadline on looking for work.