I have been a Nurse for 30 years now so have a lot of experience. It has to start with the social care system, if we cannot get patients out of hospital we do not have capacity to admit them. Social care is woefully underfunded and in an aging population it has put immense pressure on services. The pay and conditions are crap and carers can earn more working in a supermarket so why would they choose to work in care?
People need to take some responsibility for their own health too, the NHS is not a magic wand, we do not have magic pills it is up to you to a certain extent to do the best you can to look after yourself too. Of course it should be there when you need it but the amount of folks that lead seriously unhealthy lifestyles or don't comply with treatment is shocking.
Primary care needs to do better, if people cannot get a GP appointment they will call 111/999 and so this clogs up services. GP surgeries need to working 7 days a week, of course GPs would revolt against this but it is true, people are not only sick Monday - Friday, yes there are out of hours services but they only have limited capacity.
The NHS spends billions on agency staff and paying fat cat agency bosses, if they spent those billions on giving staff on the ground a really decent wage to make it an attractive role recruitment and retention would be so much better.
They are the first things that spring to mind, we could do so much better even without investing more money but we don't and so the cycle continues.