Lots of sensible information on this thread, OP - and I absolutely get you're not shaming HOH/deaf people.
I think I just want to underline, as others have, that HAs do not work like glasses (ie correct your hearing) they can only amplify what you have left. Different brands offer slightly different sound qualities which some people will find helpful but not all. Equally, your partner may need his HAs adjusting/tuning and need different receivers/ear pieces.
I'm moderate-borderline severe deaf in both ears and was diagnosed in my early 40s (ten years ago). I wouldn't be without my hearing aids BUT I still miss a good 10-20% of what is said to me (at a guess) in normal social situations. I really wish it wasn't so but there it is.
There may be all sorts of underlying reasons why your husband is not wearing his HAs. They do take getting used to, it can be hard to accept the disability and they can be quite uncomfortable - not just to wear but the stimulus can be overwhelming BUT communication between partners is really important and you both need to find a way forward so you can communicate effectively which will probably involve a bit of compromise on both sides. And patience on yours.
I do also want to mention that there can be feelings of shame with hearing loss. Not hearing what someone has to say, or follow the joke, not only disrupts connection and belonging but it can also suggest a lack of comprehension on the HoH person's part. It's embarrassing to ask someone to repeat themselves, sometimes more than once and its embarrassing to catch the sometimes irritated initial response (the eye roll, the frustrated tone). The initial reaction is entirely understandable, BTW, everyone wants to be heard but it does compound the nodding along as other posters have mentioned.
Best of luck to you and your partner