Hi OP, I get it's very frustrating and you have my sympathies.
I have a few random thoughts to share. I hope they are helpful.
It is incredibly draining concentrating on what someone else is saying when you are deaf and rely heavily on hearing aids.
Many people don't realise how deaf they are because it happens, for many of us, gradually. I only found out because my (then new) partner pointed out I was missing things. His sister and BIL are both profoundly deaf so he was quick to spot it.
Hearing aids do not correct hearing at all - as another poster has said, they can only amplify what is left of your hearing. They don't work like glasses either. The sound is very crunchy and amplifies everything, so your voice will be drowned out by the scraping of a plate across the room. It can feel very uncomfortable and make the wearer pretty noise sensitive.
Some days are better hearing days than others due to environmental factors, how tired you are, whether (like me) you have tinnitus and what said tinnitus is doing that day and (like me right now) on what's going on with your sinuses - I'm very blocked up due to a streaming cold and the upshot of that is my hearing is even worse than normal.
Putting aside the insensitive content of your partner's conversation, deaf people can't always hear themselves and that's even harder in a group situation. It's a bit like jumping into a skipping rope game...with your eyes closed, your rhythm will be off.
Apparently, I'm terribly loud if someone corners me on the phone shrugs
I would like to say something about that somewhat unpleasant post upthread suggesting your partner isn't bothering to listen to you: active listening when you're deaf is draining. You are processing the words you hear, working out the missing words - usually through context - then trying to think about what it is you believe you heard and then trying to respond. In the best circumstances, you'll not notice the extra heavy lifting that is done just to have a regular conversation...and other times you will.
There's a lot of shame felt when you've asked someone to repeat themselves and you STILL haven't got it. Even my very loving partner gets irritated by me not hearing him. I do feel for him - it's a fundamental need to be heard- but I also feel a failure and vulnerable in those moments.
Try and rephrase where you can. I know that some phrases will be lost on me because of context or sound.
Of course, some of this might be to do with being a bloke or his personality. My older brother is also going deaf and has no interest in getting help. Everyone has to work around him. I suspect pride is partly the issue.
Anyway, I get it, it's not easy for either of you to feel connected. But this is about loss - not just hearing loss - its loss of a normal way others share connection. Only you will know if that's a loss you can live with and overcome.
All best