Lived in Preston for over 20 years. Lived in Edinburgh for 1 year. Half a dozen other towns North and South beyond that,
Not many places compare with Edinburgh in truth. Beautiful architecture, Arthur's Seat, a seat of government, good shopping, wide range bars/restaurants, decent cultural options, Glasgow a short train away to expand on those, a handy airport, being able to get out along the coast to Berwick etc, progressive politics....you could go on.
Let's be honest. Preston is a very average North Western town/city and hence vastly cheaper. It's not the worst place to live by any means - good for getting up to the Lakes, pleasant surrounding countryside (Bowland, going into West Yorks etc); ok shopping centre, decent mainline train with good Manchester, Liverpool and London links, M6 close by, Booths(!).
If you're looking for family friendly architecturally forgetful suburbia, with decent schools, safe parks, a few local pubs/bars/eateries then somewhere like Penwortham may float your boat. It is bland but that's not always a bad thing - it's safe, friendly and easy to settle in. Places like Clitheroe, Croston, Lytham etc all mentioned are all rather different areas with pros and cons. Personally I like Clitheroe.
I think you need to look for yourself. I can't think of anything that would cause me to move there again, but many other people love it - who knows which camp you'll fall in.
Biggest weaknesses? Shopping centre OK for day to day but not the biggest so you need to head to Liverpool, Manchester or the Trafford Centre for more.
Away from the university/union itself and part of Friargate it doesn't feel like a university town - a lot of students are local which no doubt plays a part.
Vastly less diverse from a popular culture perspective, so if you're into a wider range of live music, theatre, comedy, literature events then expect to be travelling to Manchester or elsewhere a lot. Unsurprisingly a much more stable population than bigger cities such as Edinburgh and London which can subjectively be seen as a bad thing (insular, never been outside the town) or positive (stable, more chance to settle in communities). Unlike some places I've lived, I wouldn't say that Preston is unfriendly to 'outsiders', although I didn't stay long enough to form a view on Edinburgh for that.
Climbing: bits of bouldering within reach and I believe a decent newish (4 years ago?) indoor centre which I haven't visited.
Everywhere has running clubs nowadays don't they? Preston has a vibrant Park Run in Avenham park.
Preston may have everything that you want and need, be vastly cheaper, and come with the wished-for job change. I'd try and visit for long enough to see the centre and some of the surrounding suburbs and villages.