Answers I have to give often to my British friends: there is no equivalent of GCSEs and A Levels. Instead, students sit a board exam in the equivalent of the first or second term of the second year of A Levels and sometimes during the summer between penultimate and last year of school. This is the SAT or the ACT (you choose depending on what the universities you’re applying to will want). You can resit them without the negative association of resat A Levels. They’re multiple choice, cover English and maths. Your school work and teacher recommendations and college application essay are way, way more influential than your UCAS statement. Every student studies everything until the end of school, with just a few choices to drop/add/substitute subjects in the last two years. No chance of dropping maths before 18!
Last four years of school = High School.
3 (sometimes 4) years before that = Middle School
Kindergarten to Middle School = Elementary School.
Kindergarten = 5-6yo, schooling becomes mandatory.
PreK 4s exists but isn’t academic.
PreK 3s exist but also isn’t academic.
Birth to Kindergarten can also just be “daycare”.
4th last year = freshman year
3rd last year = sophomore
Penultimate year = junior year (single most stressful and important year)
Last year = senior year (also difficult for many)
These same terms apply to years 1-4 of university. University degrees are a minimum of 4 years long.
Sororities and fraternities exist and are a thing, but not wanted or coveted by all. They attract certain types. Some people live and die by them; some wear them lightly; some think they’re damaging and unhealthy; some think they’re cringe.
School buses are real and they’re amazing for many families. They’re only for public/state schools although some private schools run their own. Faith schools sometimes have to pay for their own, sometimes have them publicly funded or subsidized.
You have to approach education (everything really) from the perspective of “what do we have to do to make the most money for ourselves and the national GDP?”. School buses help parents get to/from work on time. Summer camps are a thing because they enable parents to continue working through the long summer holidays. Children have way fewer days off and Christmas / Easter (ish) holidays because parents need to work.