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Feminism: Sex and gender discussions

Reflecting on the recent changes in language

61 replies

Ingenieur · 06/06/2024 14:24

I stumbled across a hard copy of a dictionary from the early 90s recently and thought I'd take the opportunity to reflect on quite how recent a lot of the changes are in the discourse surrounding sex and feminism.

My hope is that this will serve as something of a record of what was understood to be the meaning of words in the living adult memory of most of those who use this board, as recently as 30 years ago.

Dictionaries of course aren't necessarily definitive, they record current and historic usage, but they are referenced when laws are drafted and determined in courts so having an appreciation of what was meant when laws were written is useful. Also, it is a snapshot of language at a given time so one can track when new usage appears.

It is clear from the screenshots that woman/ man, female/ male until this point had only sex-based meanings. Gender too had none of the social and cultural meanings we ascribe to it today - it was a grammatical term, or a reference to one's sex in the last entry.

Interestingly, in the entry for "sex change" it accurately refers to it as an "apparent change of sex", which of course it is.

Anyway, feel free to peruse the definitions, see which ones are listed as "archaic" and which ones deserve to be, and let's wonder at how such stable definitions because mangled in a single generation.

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Ingenieur · 07/06/2024 18:08

BlackForestCake · 07/06/2024 07:59

Undergraduette is hilarious.

I haven't heard 'sex kitten' for decades.

Yes, undergraduette is a wonderfully archaic construction, it definitely gave me a smile!

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Ingenieur · 07/06/2024 08:18

@HammockFullOfRats

There used to be a separate word for man in Old English

Just to add to this @PriOn1, it also depends on the presentation style of the dictionary. Some use the most frequently-used definition first, others (as I understand the OCD does) lists the first-attested definition first, with more recent uses coming later.

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HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 08:15

"Wif" meant woman (not just wife), as in midwife (i.e. with-woman). Wif became wifmann (meaning woman-person) which eventually developed into woman.

For some reason men lost "wer" (and also lost waepnedmann i.e. weaponed-person i.e. penis-person) and ended up just getting called men i.e. people.

HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 08:01

PriOn there used to be a separate word for man in Old English, if you really wanted to specify male person — wer (as in werewolf). "Man" just meant person (which also in practice might've usually meant male person, but, well, yeah).

Ingenieur · 07/06/2024 08:00

Thanks @BackToLurk

That seems to align with my understanding of the historical change in usage.

Interestingly, the quotation the author references as the first evidence of the use of gender as a social construct, namely "the socialized obverse of sex" in 1945, comes from I. Madison Bailey (Formerly Isaac Madison Bailey, then Madison Bailey following transition).

So the sex/ gender distinction does seem to have come from queer theorists first, rather than feminists as I'd expected.

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BlackForestCake · 07/06/2024 07:59

Undergraduette is hilarious.

I haven't heard 'sex kitten' for decades.

theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:58

A quick Google of current bank application forms in the UK shows "gender" being used to mean sex, to the present day.

HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 07:56

Perhaps she did, Lurk, but without this thread, I wouldn't have been prompted to flick through the 1934 addenda to the Concise Oxford and discover that the word "undergraduette" once existed to a great enough extent to justify a place in a bookshelf reference.

Ingenieur · 07/06/2024 07:56

@HammockFullOfRats

Thank you, those are excellent.

It just shows how stable those non-recent definitions have been historically.

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PriOn1 · 07/06/2024 07:55

I’m interested in the difference between the definitions of woman and man. Adult human female was the first definition for woman, whereas man was not adult human male, but had a much wider meaning, broadly relating to mankind, I suppose.

That feels very non-specific, as if men don’t really have a definition of themselves as individuals.

But it also is a perfect demonstration of the inequality of regard for the different sexes and how, only a short time ago, women were the aberrant humans who needed a separate definition, and that we moved almost seamlessly from that position to another, where women are described as non-men and where we can have no definition of our own as some men are now insisting they must be a part of womanhood.

Halfemptyhalfling · 07/06/2024 07:45

I would think it was in the last decade that I noticed gender stopped being used for sex on forms and surveys in the uk. I don't think I was really aware of the difference until the 'butterfly' drama on tv. Probably when I became aware that transexuals were to be referred to as transgender. You would skirt around using 'sex' in polite conversation. Possibly the access to constant porn via internet removed the taboo

OldCrone · 07/06/2024 07:43

theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:37

I'm not. I was replying to the PPs who were saying that gender was never used as a "polite" word for sex, or alternatively that this happened only in America.

I'm fairly sure that I encountered it in the UK in the 1980s too, but I can't give specific examples the way I can with SA, so I could be misremembering that.

Gender wasn't used in this way in the UK. The PP who said that it wasn't is probably from the UK (this is a UK site). They are not "talking twaddle".

It possibly did happen in other English speaking countries apart from America, just not in the UK.

HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 07:40

Masculine, and feminine (and surrounding words).

Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Butterworths · 07/06/2024 07:39

WaterThyme · 07/06/2024 07:32

So where does “have sex with” come from? I thought that was an Americanism to avoid the vernacular.

I’ve never heard anyone say “have gender with”

It's just short for have sexual intercourse with like sex is short for sexual intercourse. You wouldn't say have gender with as gender has never as far as I'm aware been used to mean sexual intercourse.

Sorry I feel like I missing your point!

HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 07:38

Man (two images), and woman.

Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Reflecting on the recent changes in language
HammockFullOfRats · 07/06/2024 07:37

Not too different, but I happen to have a 1934 (3rd) Concise Oxford in my bedside bookcase. (It's the same as the 2nd, but with some extra words and definitions added on to the end, including a bit extra for "sex".)

Here's gender, sex, and the extra bit about sex.

Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Reflecting on the recent changes in language
Reflecting on the recent changes in language
theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:37

I'm not. I was replying to the PPs who were saying that gender was never used as a "polite" word for sex, or alternatively that this happened only in America.

I'm fairly sure that I encountered it in the UK in the 1980s too, but I can't give specific examples the way I can with SA, so I could be misremembering that.

OldCrone · 07/06/2024 07:33

theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:29

I don't believe South African government departments and banks in the 1970s were much influenced by Americanisms, to be honest. We didnt even have TV and most people would have been unaware of most Americanisms....

It's really more a case of "sex" being a saucy word in a prudish/religious conservative society, so using what would then have been seen as a complete synonym. The same root impetus as the American (socially conservative) context but not influenced by it.

Edited

You can't make any assumptions about how the words were used in the UK from your experience of how those words were used in South Africa.

WaterThyme · 07/06/2024 07:32

So where does “have sex with” come from? I thought that was an Americanism to avoid the vernacular.

I’ve never heard anyone say “have gender with”

theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:29

I don't believe South African government departments and banks in the 1970s were much influenced by Americanisms, to be honest. We didnt even have TV and most people would have been unaware of most Americanisms....

It's really more a case of "sex" being a saucy word in a prudish/religious conservative society, so using what would then have been seen as a complete synonym. The same root impetus as the American (socially conservative) context but not influenced by it.

BackToLurk · 07/06/2024 07:27

The UK was able to have and pass a SexDiscrimination Act and no one taking part in the campaign, drafting the text or debating in the HoC had a fainting fit about using the word sex.

“This place exists to remedy injustices and half the population of Britain, for one reason or another and largely on grounds of their gender, think they are unfairly treated right across the spectrum.”
Mr. William Hamilton
(Fife, Central)

From the debate. Recorded in Hansard. He’d have been in his late fifties at the time

NecessaryScene · 07/06/2024 07:23

And literally a year ago, on a form for a major South African financial institution I was asked whether my "gender" was M or F.

A tragically high number of overseas outfits do seem to use American rather than British English. And that would be totally normal American. You very rarely see Americans use "Sex" formally in that context, the opposite of the UK.

I often see "Gender: M/F" where I am too, and I roll my eyes at it the same way I do at "color" or "-ize" or "cookie". Just another Americanism...

Have never seen a "gender" question with anything other than "M/F" to make me get awkward with "well if you don't mean sex, I can't answer this".

NecessaryScene · 07/06/2024 07:19

rowing up in mid-century South Africa though (a socially conservative society where euphemisms were particulatly rife)

Okay, not being in the UK makes your memory make more sense. I'm only looking at British usage.

Maybe some colonial distance from the base of the language helped both America and South Africa accept gender-meaning-just-sex earlier.

theDudesmummy · 07/06/2024 07:18

And literally a year ago, on a form for a major South African financial institution I was asked whether my "gender" was M or F. No question about my sex. (There didn't seem to be any grammatical or mathematic errors in the form as far as I could see, either).

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