Participation: key word at schools these days seems to be 'inclusion' - they'll all have an inclusion policy so I'd probably mention it. All children get to participate in all activities, regardless of gender, age, disability, ethnicity, religious belief etc.etc. Don't forget participation and inclusion also apply to children's parents, carers, all school staff. So viewpoints on any changes of policy for example should be taken from all - children (in whatever way appropriate for their age), their parents/carers, staff, even local community.
Consultation: similar, but to me implies something you do when you've got an idea, or change to the current situation, and you want to consult before you implement it - to make sure it's what everyone wants/needs/likes etc. So, you would consult with the children, their parents/carers etc.etc. if you were going to change the school uniform policy, or what they had for a snack or something. This could be done via the Governing body, or parent/teacher association if there was one, or more informally via questionnaires, feedback forms sent home with children etc.
Good luck!! A 10 minute presentation probably means you need about 3 - 4 big headings, with 2 - 3 small points to be made under each - by the time you've gone over each one you'll have easily used up 10 minutes.