I don't recognise the specific terms but can definitely sympathise that companies (even groups or departments within companies) create their own language, buzzwords and jargon. For tribal identity, creating extra 'perceived worth' to mKe them look more knowledgeable..., etc etc.
Basically, it's much more about them creating this 'identity' using language than a reflection on you so don't be nervous.
Don't be embarrassed if there is a specific term that you really don't have a clue on - it's much more important to get clarification to make sure you are doing what you need to do. Try out some different phrases - "I've not heard that used in relation to x before - is it the same as....." Or "I've used "widget" before to define x, y and a. Would you say that "dewberry" is the same?" Or identify a friendly ally and make a joke about needing a translator in some of the meetings and see if you can whizz through a few quick definitions in one go.
Regards to your individual targets, all targets should really be SMART - Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and with a Timescale. Have a read up on it for some examples if you've not come across this before. Sounds to me like they might be missing on the "A".
If you feel that your deliverable is out of your direct control, could you offer another level which breaks that target down into things that you CAN do. So in your example could be "meet with x 3 times over next quarter" "present paper to x outlining our position" "get introduction to 2 new contacts in x organisation"
You have then done everything in your power to influence them but ultimately, acknowledge that you can't control their decision.