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In terms of consultation, it's not always just announce a proposal, sometimes it's more of a genuine extended consultation to get ideas. They may get together a proposal from these discussion, then put that forward at the beginning of a formal 'consultation' process which I imagine will be pretty short.
The 'slotting in' thing you mentioned is about alternative jobs. I think there is a very good argument that even in the event of reducing the number of the same posts, if there is a selection process for those jobs they are essentially 'vacancies' until they are filled through a selection process, meaning that even in those circumstances a woman on maternity leave (or adoption leave in these circumstances) should be offered one of the jobs.
However it's a contentious point, not everyone would agree with me, and even if that is correct in law, there's a reasonable likelihood her employer would reject that argument and put her through the same selection as everyone else, meaning she would then have to challenge it.
20 down to 5 is a lot of redundancies, so statistically your friend's chances aren't good, obviously. So in those circumstances making an argument that the 5 roles constitute vacancies might be a good option. The employer might either agree, which will be great, or disagree, but if they disagree, if your friend then does get made redundant, she will be able to consider appealing it/taking it further should she want to.
No different in Wales, no.
It's not actually Reg 10 of Maternity and Parental Leave Regs, it's different legislation with the same wording here
Many employers aren't aware of the extra protection for women on maternity leave and even less are aware that the same applies to employees on adoption leave, so I think her best bet is to write formally point out the legislation, saying that she considers the 5 jobs in question to be both suitable and available and that, should selection take effect during her leave, she should therefore be offered one of them, and asking for their confirmation in terms of how they would like to proceed.
Definitely worth a go anyway, then as I say, see what their response is and take it from there.