I agree with some of these points but also think it goes back to a fundamental issue with education from the earliest years. COVID really showed up the problem for me.
DS went to a nursery which was an 'outdoor nursery' with plenty of opportunity for the kids to go outside and play in mud.
What happened? Well the boys all ended up doing that and the girls tended to stay inside and do colouring.
You need to examine why and what the consequences of this were.
DSs year were the one in reception when lockdown happened. As a result many of the boys never learnt to sit down and do a bit of writing / colouring/ whatever.
By the time school eventually started back properly, they were expected to be sitting down and learning to write, having missed this crucial middle stage of learning to sit down for short periods and pay attention. For some it almost has felt like they missed the window of opportunity because school was playing catch up on these basics whilst the curriculum raced on. It was an amplification of something that way already happening though.
From a very early age, the expectation was that the boys would run around and behave in a certain way. The girls, however, were expected to behave in a different way. It gave them soft skills and a head start over boys from the word go.
And you see this issue throughout primary about expectations of behaviour from adults.
Boys not reading is something of a reflection of attitudes that books are more for girls. It doesn't help when the subject matter of books doesn't match the interests of boys. Tbh this has improved vastly over the last few years, particularly with comic books having a big resurgence and providing an entry into reading. But the point still remains.
By the time you get to teens, if you go look in your local Waterstones, the majority of the young adult section is aimed at a female audience. The number of good books aimed at teen boys is still limited by comparison. There isn't a demand and so there isn't the books there. Yes Manga is more popular than ever and there's now a big section for that but it shows up part of the problem too - the girls are reading wordy stuff whilst the boys haven't really progressed past the comic books and the content of these Manga books is frequently highly sexualised and often violent (and arguably often not particularly suitable for teens in the first place because of this).
Attainment is linked to reading age and access to books so this remains a fundamental and central point. If you don't learn to sit still and to like reading early on, you are at a massive disadvantage.
We can focus on education not being set up for boys til we are blue in the face. It still comes back to sexist attitudes and expectations from a very early age from everyone around these kids. Couple this with socio-economic attitudes to education and working class white boys always come out worst for fairly obvious reasons.
Yes boys need to be treated differently to girls in school, but that's because they've already been effectively put into a position where they lack the soft skills early on to match the girls so they are playing catch up in many respects from the moment they get to a formal school setting and are expected to read and write and this is reinforced throughout primary by the attitudes around them in terms of behaviour and expectations. By the time they hit high school frankly I think it's an uphill struggle and you are fighting a losing battle in terms of motivation.
Add to this that it's easier for a lot of boys to effectively 'check out' especially when parents don't do much to get them off their games and even help around the house (again girls are much more likely to be expected to help and less likely to totally immersed in games - they use mobiles but this at least engages with the real world to an extent). You then get parents suddenly wondering why their child is unemployable because they haven't expected their child to do anything since they were little. It's excused as just being children - in the past the emphasis was on preparing for the workplace at a much earlier age and parents training children to be adults by giving the responsibilities and having expectations placed on them at a young age.
It's getting worse because parents are increasingly infantilising their children and have no expectations for them for every basic stage of life - from getting dressed themselves, to organising themselves etc - and this is particularly excused for boys too.
My friend yesterday said to me "I'm so worn out from trying to remember everything for everyone - who has this on this day and at what time" whilst commenting that her husband doesn't do this and how nice it would be if he reminded her of all these things instead so she didn't have to do it and be super organised. So when we talk about roll models it's fascinating to note this observation about what is expected of girls and boys in this context too and why it might affect employability in an ever increasing complex society. Again soft skills not academica.
It comes back to these two points for me - soft skills and expectations from adults, not so much the failure of schools and education.