HISTORY OF SEX TESTING IN THE OLYMPICS AND THE GROUP WHO SUCCESSFULLY CAMPAIGNED TO HAVE SEX TESTING DROPPED
MAybe this will be helpful. This is my cobbled together timeline
www.nature.com/articles/gim2000258.pdf?origin=ppub&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_source=commission_junction&utm_campaign=CONR_PF018_ECOM_GL_PHSS_ALWYS_DEEPLINK&utm_content=textlink&utm_term=PID100045542&CJEVENT=f4d4c8630a0411ed831b01a80a1c0e11
Louis J. Elsas ,MD' , Arne Ljungqvist, MD', Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith, MA,FRCP, JoeLeigh Simpson, MD', Myron Genel, MD5, Alison S. Carlson ,BA, Elizabeth Ferris, MBBS', Albert de la Chapelle, MD, Anke A. Ehrhardt, phD
"On-site gender verification has since been found to be highly discriminatory, and the cause of emotional trauma and social stigmatization for many females with problems of intersex who have been screened out from competition. Despite compelling evidence for the lack of scientific merit for chromosome-based screening for gender, as well as its functional and ethical inconsistencies, the IOC persisted in its policy for 30 years."
"The coauthors of this manuscript have worked with some success to rescind this policy through educating athletes and sports governors regarding the psychological and physical nature of sexual differentiation, and the inequities of genetic sex testing."
1999 - From what I gather, from this Nature article posted up thread, is that a campaign group successfully convinced the IOC in the late 90s to prioritise inclusion. Because of what they position was the human rights violation of these male athletes with DSDs suffering indignities during testing and the outcomes of that testing.
So in the 1999 the OIC removed testing. 82% of female athletes wanted testing to remain.
Ie. My understanding is that the group campaigned that any male with a Difference of Sex Development that had been incorrectly registered as 'female' on their passport was to never be sex tested by the IOC again and allowed to compete as if they were female, regardless of whether they had gone through male puberty.
2001 - The IAAF (old name for WA) regulations stated
”Under the IAAF policy, female athletes who wish to participate in international competitions come to the attention of the IAAF in one of two ways. If a female athlete already has been diagnosed with hyperandrogenism (or is in the process of being diagnosed), she is required to notify the IAAF and undergo evaluation (as outlined in the policy). A second route to evaluation is that an “IAAF Medical Manager may initiate a confidential investigation of any female athlete if he [sic] has reasonable grounds for believing that a case of hyperandrogenism may exist” (IAAF 2001c, 3). Reasonable grounds can come from “any reliable source,” including “information received by the IAAF Medical Delegate or other responsible medical official at a competition” (IAAF 2001c, 3).”
2004 - Then in 2004 they allowed male people who surgically removed their testes to compete in female competition. Because once you allow one group of male people in, you must equally allow the other in or you are discriminating against transgender people.
https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-approves-consensus-with-regard-to-athletes-who-have-changed-sex-1
2009 - Semenya wins and officials felt there was enough concern under 2001c 3 (above) to demand a test done.
This then caused much discussion about how testing ‘requests’ were done and for them to be ‘reconsidered’.
2015 -Then in 2015, a campaign group including Harper, using Harper’s flawed study (see nequals8.com web site) convinces the IOC that it is unfair discrimination to exclude any male with a transgender identity describing themselves as a woman. The IOC changes the policy to allow them.
https://nequals8.com
^https://cgscholar.com/bookstore/works/race-times-for-transgender-athletes^
https://stillmed.olympic.org/Documents/Commissions_PDFfiles/Medical_commission/2015-11_ioc_consensus_meeting_on_sex_reassignment_and_hyperandrogenism-en.pdf
2016 -Then came the Rio trio in the female 800m and we start to see the testosterone suppression of the male people with DSDs come in. Semenya takes this to court in 2019. Appealed 2020. The evidence presented confirmed 5ARD and testosterone of 21 nmol/L.
2021 - 2020 Tokyo games held in 2021 was the testosterone suppressed games. Hubbard, a late 40 something male in female event where next youngest was probably a decade and a half younger, shines light on the issue.
The IOC reacts by announcing a review.
The new guidelines released Nov 2021 devolve responsibility for policy to each discipline’s international federation. ie. They force the sporting federations to make the hard decisions that the IOC refuse to make.
https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Documents/Beyond-the-Games/Human-Rights/IOC-Framework-Fairness-Inclusion-Non-discrimination-2021.pdf#_ga=2.219716894.621299853.1686571450-594927581.1678187184
They also reaffirm that 'inclusivity' is their over all priority. They say that safety is as well, but this is clearly contradictory when you consider boxing as an example.
The IOC is clear that they RECOGNISE that the inclusion of male athletes will be UNFAIR but their priority is inclusion. Richard Budgett said this.
The federations then develop their own policies. that have done this are : FINA, WA, UCI, IBA and WR. FIFA for instance announced a review years ago and done nothing. IBA announced their new policy in 22/23.
The WA have even stated that their new guidelines for the Olympics immediately excluded 13 males with DSDs with testosterone advantage from the competitions until those 13 male athletes chose to reduce their testosterone to 2.5 nmol/L for 2 years. 13 just in athletics competitions alone! (By the way, this reduction has already been shown to not eliminate unfair male advantage, but this is where we are at the moment.)
13 MALE PEOPLE WITH DSDs JUST IN ATHLETICS IN 2023.
^https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/athletics/65051900^
"Coe said this will impact 13 DSD athletes, seven (55%) of whom compete in running events above a mile, with six (45%) in sprinting events below 400m."
By the IOC removing the IBA (boxing) from organising the boxing, the IOC left boxing only with the IOC inclusive guidelines.
So, we know from the announcement by Budgett from IOC in November 2021 that fairness was a lower priority to inclusion. It was along the lines of ‘we know it is unfair to include male people with pubertal advantage, but inclusion is our aim.’
And the IOC and other organisations still claim that Semenya is a 'female with naturally high testosterone' to this day. Despite the world being easily able to find the evidence presented to the CAS that Semenya is MALE with 5-ARD and had tested with a testosterone level of 21nmol/L. NO female has that level and is healthy. They are likely to be gravely ill.
2025 - The World Athletics announce their new regulations.
https://worldathletics.org/news/press-releases/sry-gene-test-athletes-female-category
The female athlete category is defined in the Eligibility Rule 3.5, which states that only the following athletes may compete in this category:
a. Biological females.
b. Biological females who have used testosterone as part of male gender-affirming treatment further to a Therapeutic Use Exemption granted in accordance with World Athletics’ Anti-Doping Rules may not compete in the female category until the passing of a period of time after their last use of testosterone (the period of time will be not shorter than four years and will be determined by World Athletics on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration all relevant factors including the timing, duration, dosages and effects of the male gender-affirming treatment).
c. Biological males who have Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and therefore have not gone through male sexual development including any type of male puberty.
d. Biological males with a difference of sex development who satisfy the transitional provisions issued by World Athletics.
The transitional provisions do not apply to transgender women as there are none competing at the elite international level under the current regulations.
https://worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=0a7afe9e-9998-4cbc-a8c5-82c0ac5a80c6.pdf&urlslug=C3.5A%20-%20Regulations%20for%20the%20Implementation%20of%20Eligibility%20Rule%203.5%20(Male%20and%20Female%20Categories)%2C%20effective%2001%20SEP%202025
The ‘transitional provisions’ only apply to legacy athletes. Meaning those already competing in these competitions. As per section 6, page 7 of the above.
These provisions are the reduction of testosterone to below 2.5 nmol/L only for existing competitors.