I'd want to know what this then leads to though
This is such a key point - from the moment I saw it, I've been wanting to come back with some thoughts which incorporate my own experience as a parent supporting my daughter. Apologies in advance for the length of this post, which I've now got some time to write.
TL:DR
IMO, it's a combination of two things that are needed a) using the Education and Healthcare Plan (EHCP) to articulate an individual child's needs and provisions, under the existing support structures and b) uplifting the clarity in the schools' statutory guidance which separates LGB from "T" (now called "gender questioning"), and references reasons such as autism that can influence becoming gender questioning, across all of child protection guidance. This would link mental healthcare into the EHCP, while also protecting children who don't yet have an EHCP.
In more detail....
For context, my daughter was diagnosed with autism at age 7 or 8 and has had an EHCP since year 5. Obviously we had to jump through a million hoops to get one and not every child who is gender questioning will already have an autism diagnosis or EHCP. We've been in the cycle of annual reviews and emergency reviews since then. She became gender questioning at the age of 13 and her periods started just after she experienced a huge mental health crisis aged 13.5. We're at varying stages of success on this journey (e.g. despite agreeing to all the EHCP changes during the annual review in Feb 2023, with further professional submission in the next annual review in Feb 2024, we didn't get any paperwork to review until December 2024... and nothing was included 🤦♀️... it remains ongoing), but for me, a rough outline would be as follows if a child is both autistic and gender questioning:
At an individual child level
- If a child receives their autism diagnosis after they have become gender questioning and/or doesn't have an EHCP:
- Undertake risk assessment in school against paragraphs 205-209 of KCSIE guidance. Does school have teaching or pastoral practices which conflate or risk conflating sex, sexual orientation and gender reassignment? Are children who are, or are vulnerable to becoming, gender questioning given clear facts about sex, sexual orientation and sex-based stereotypes without conflating these? Address each risk.
- Support parent and child in securing an EHCP. This will take considerable time, so an IEP (Individual Education Plan) will be needed to call out the needs and provisions necessary to support the child in the interim.
- Provide parent with information about the Cass Report and the risks of social transition, using the KCSIE guidance as an anchor for this conversation
- Train staff on how autism can influence a child's reaction to and understanding of their body, particularly as they start to experience the emotional and physical (sensory) changes that happen in puberty. This will need to be sex-specific (periods, facial hair growth) as well as generic.
- Request an Educational Psychology assessment. Make it clear to the EP that this should be in line with safeguarding needs under paras 205-209 i.e. it should not conflate sex, sexual orientation and autism.
- In the IEP, track the child's understanding of the differences between males and females - this will help inform Speech and Language (SaLT) cognitive processing needs for the future EHCP
- In the IEP, track the child's understanding of their own body and any specific issues that cause distress or confusion - this will help inform Occupational Therapy (OT) needs for the future EHCP
- If a gender questioning child has an existing EHCP related to an existing autism diagnosis:
- Follow the first 4 steps above
- Request an EP assessment (see above re guardrails to mitigate risk of conflation) to unpick how the child's autism is influencing their understanding about themselves in relation to their sex.
- Following receipt of the EP report, discuss this with the parent to make sure that all issues relating to any conflation of autism and gender identity have been captured. Adjust in collaboration with EP as needed until parents, SENCO and EP are satisfied that all needs are represented - additional information can be provided to the EP if available e.g. GP or CAMHS information if relevant.
- On finalisation of EP report, request an assessment from the SaLT team which includes recommended cognitive processing needs and provisions relating to an understanding of what it means to "be" male or female
- On finalisation of EP report, request an OT assessment which includes needs and provisions to help the child feel grounded in their own body e.g. exercises which start with areas of the body that don't cause the child distress and build to include these, such as cross body movements which incorporate the chest area in girls who are experiencing sensory issues with breast development
- Invite submissions from other agencies, such as GPs and CAMHS which articulate mental health needs and provisions regarding the impact of autism during adolescence
The two approaches are similar. The benefit of the latter is that it becomes legally binding and isn't specific to an individual school.
At a national level
Although the schools' statutory guidance references the Cass Report (see para 206 of KCSIE), there is no feedback loop which exists between healthcare and education. Safeguarding at a holistic level (across healthcare, Children's Services, police etc etc) is delivered under Working Together to Safeguard Children statutory guidance, which is under the auspices of the DfE.
If the Working Together guidance was uplifted to recognise the difference between being LGB and gender questioning (e.g. if it incorporated paras 205-209) this would allow for joined up care. Each agency would have its own thresholds for safeguarding, just as they do now. But at a basic level, it would:
- Provide clarity to all adults working with children that being LGB is different from being gender questioning, from a safeguarding risk perspective (this may also add clarity into the "conversion therapy" debate)
- Provide greater clarity on the impact of underlying factors such as autism, which raise a child's risk of becoming gender questioning - this will give psychiatrists, psychologists and counsellors a foundation upon which to bring in what they already know about the impact of autism during puberty (sensory issues, potential difficulties when processing sex-based stereotypes etc)
- Assist in policy and decision making when considering the balance of confidentiality and bringing parents in to the conversation - if a vulnerable child is at risk of being gro0med by outside influences to believe that they are "in the wrong body", parents should be included in the conversation
- Elevate safeguarding protections for vulnerable children to a similar status as those within Prevent. This also links to the point above regarding gro0ming. At the moment, outside influences are not given due consideration, particularly where children are being gradually separated from parents by a combination of well-meaning and activist adults. This is often taking place in schools, where teachers are positioning themselves as "safer" than "bigoted" parents
Summary
There's much more to it but hopefully that general outline makes sense. In essence, it's about using existing frameworks and existing bodies of professional knowledge to join everything together, via safeguarding. It starts with a combination of mental health care professionals and education professionals remembering what they already know about the impact of puberty on autistic children. Likewise other children who are vulnerable to believing they are in the wrong body, such as those who may grow up to be gay (and are experiencing confusion and/or shame) about their emerging same-sex attraction and children who have experienced trauma, who may wish to reinvent themselves.
Each child's journey will begin in a different place, depending on their own circumstances. Here's my daughter's at the very beginning:
https://www.transgendertrend.com/teenage-gender-identity-crisis/
I didn't expect to still be fighting to get it all included in the EHCP. Equally, I didn't know when I wrote this that it would be such an uphill battle to address the issue at a whole school level (meaning my daughter remains at risk of the influences within the school, which may yet still lead her to believe she is in the wrong body). However, I've been able to collaborate successfully enough with the autism unit at the school and others to mean that we're getting there.... slowly. It's been a pretty painful journey though. There continue to be many curve balls along the way.