Parents and guardians who have suffered violence at the hands of children in their care say support services are a "postcode lottery". Despite a seeming rise in attacks, alongside greater awareness, experts agree the problem is not being properly addressed.
Experts say child-to-parent violence and abuse (sometimes known as CAPVA, CPA or APVA) can be sparked by childhood trauma or a youngster witnessing domestic abuse in the home.
It can also be more common in families with neurodiverse children.
Because there is no standard definition for this type of domestic violence, offences are recorded in different ways across the country meaning it can be difficult to measure the scale of the problem.
We asked 39 police forces in England for the number of reported crimes involving adolescent or child on parent violence and abuse in their areas in 2015, 2019 and 2023.
More including charts etc., in article https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cy7gz3xdelno