Section 28 is quite interesting. It goes on about people being pushed and pulled towards conversion practices due to cultural and environmental pressures. It talks about the need to "fit in to the norm" and not be "isolated from the community". That people may voluntarily suppress their own identity or "consent" to conversion practices. That "community" is an integral part of life and identity for many people. That ideas can become "cemented in the psyche, meaning that many people self monitor and self-police without an explicit force being present".
All of these ideas could equally be applied to young people trying to fit into the LGBTQ "community" wanting to belong, suppressing their same sex attraction through fear of being called TERF and being ousted from the community. Is it possible that these people are at risk of criminalising themselves in this process.
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People are both ‘pushed’ and ‘pulled’ towards conversion practices (Ogunmuyiwa).22 The ‘push’ often refers to an overarching culture and environment of anti-LGBT+ sentiment, derogatory language, messages, and sometimes accompanied by threats of abuse, force, violence, and coercion. The ‘pull’ refers to factors that make people more likely to want to undergo conversion practices - the desire to be accepted, fit into the norm, to not bring ‘dishonour’ and ‘shame’, and to not feel ‘wrong’ or be isolated from their community.
"It is vital to understand the relationship between these factors as it explains why people voluntarily suppress their own identity or ‘consent’ to conversion practices.
"Family, faith, and community are an integral part of life and identity for many people of colour and of minority faiths and indeed in all cultures, often being inseparable from their sense of self. According to Sarbat Sikhs, there is a cultural fear of rejection amongst Sikh and South Asian LGBT+ people – this fear of rejection encompasses a fear of losing both one’s faith and one’s family.
"Religious and cultural obligations play a huge part in why people may suppress being LGBT+. These norms are enforced and embedded from early childhood, often in subtle ways which impact significantly. The importance of marriage is one such obligation, and forced marriage is often used as a form of conversion practice.
These ideas become cemented in the psyche, meaning that many people ‘self-monitor’ and ‘self-police’ without an explicit force being present, for example by abstaining from any relationship if they are LGBT+, attempting to ‘be straight’, or entering into a forced marriage."