But if it was down to the character of the surgeon, then there would be no discrepancy in the harm to the patients, based on sex. It's seems it's not about the surgeons' characters, it's about the sex of the people they're operating on.
Obviously, sexism is a characteristic which would result in different results based on sex tho.
Very true although I have never experienced female doctors who had this level of arrogance and kind of think that the person with the character I described the sexism, arrogance and high levels of risk taking go hand in hand. Surgery seems to attract them as well.
So if you have this character you are already a risk to patient's generally but subconsciously treat men better so better outcomes.
I'm not sure it's that simple though (it usually isn't with health outcomes), although I'm sure the fact that it only is male to female maybe it is that simple. Women matter less to them.