@LobsterNapkin
Rational/irrational isn’t the same as materialist/idealist, and that’s why I explicitly didn’t use those terms. They don’t at all map on to one another.
Science and religion are always mixed up together in the history of Western thought: it’s exactly how they coexist that changes over time.
Idealism and materialism/empiricism always contain both the rational and the irrational (in fact at some points in Western history, religious thought takes a rationalist mode, whilst the natural science doesn’t - and vice versa).
Idealism vs empiricism is more about how we weigh up the material vs the non-material worlds against each other, or which is thought of as being the primary vehicle of truth or knowledge.
Idealism sees the material world as secondary to the realm of the immaterial or ideal world of concepts, spirit, value, etc. It isn’t incompatible with either science or rationality: in fact some of history’s great scientists were fundamentally idealist thinkers.
Materialism/empiricism sees the observational, material or experiential world as the domain of truth or knowledge, and the immaterial world of ideas as arising out of material reality. It’s also not incompatible with the irrational or the religious. There’s a long trend of empiricist theologians, for example.
Despite lots of irrational or ideological belief systems, the twentieth century was dominated by materialism/empiricism. But it could be that we are seeing a shift back to modes of thought where the observable world is thought of as not not there, as such: but secondary to belief or imagination or “values”, or what we want it to be. That doesn’t mean that science doesn’t carry on doing stuff and discovering stuff anyway: it means that it is imagined as at the service of some other transcendent spiritual truths about how the world is imagined “really” to be.
I guess we have to wait and see… 🤷♀️