Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)
Natural Surveillance:
opportunities for people to watch over one another encourages the use of areas and creates a sense of responsibility in residents toward their space. This, in turn, increases the inherent risk and difficulty of crime and dissuades rational would-be criminals
Access Control:
restricting entry and exit of visitors, we can reduce the possibility that intruders will access certain areas. include features that suggest: who is authorized to be in a given site, who is not allowed to be there, and what
activities are permissible.
Maintenance:
maintaining a pleasant image for an area to protect ownership and improve quality of life. The appealing image of a well-kept area enables residents to develop attachments to their neighbourhood and strive
for its safety
Territoriality:
allows owners to define and control their property and to restrict intruders’ access. This can be accomplished using physical
barriers (e.g., fences and hedges) or symbolic barriers (e.g., signage, planting, and landscaping).
Activity Support:
aims to increase community interaction using a variety of passive or active strategies. The use of design elements that attract legitimate users (e.g., proper landscaping, gathering areas) is referred to as passive activity support. Active examples, on the other hand, involve strategies such as holding cultural events, which increase the presence of people—making the area less desirable for motivated offenders