Women (generally) aren't wearing silly heels because they are downtrodden poor wee things, and doing it in a desperate bid to be on an even keel with men and to be taken seriously in the workplace, though. They do it to have an advantage over other women. (Especially those types who spend hundreds on designer ones that sit looking pretty in their closet)
They may, rightly or wrongly, want to look the best as possible on a night out (heels make your legs look longer, and your arse stick out.)
It's peacocking, pure and simple. You are always going to get people who are trying to stand out. Blame patriarchy if you want, but it also comes down massively to human nature. Men also peacock in various ways in order to compete, it just translates differently.
Someone funnily enough mentioned how men don't wear heels. Total side note, but the last time I recall someone wearing stupidly sized heels in broad daylight was actually a male in a long wig, Kardashian style makeup and outfit. Total caricature of what women are like. I took a mental note of what the rest of bio women on my shopping trip were dressed like... Mostly jeans, trainers, smart jackets, minimal makeup, medium length hair. You know, what normal women look like, without repercussions generally. Yes there will be scenarios where some out of touch cunt will penalise someone for not wearing heeled shoes in the workplace, but I would say that it's a really rare occurance. As long as you are smart in the workplace, no one will give a crap as long as you are decent at your job.