Interesting difference between this legal code and the UK equality act and the way the single-sex exceptions work -
UK EA - you first decide whether discriminating on the grounds of sex is lawful (proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim). If it is, only then do you decide whether it is also lawful to discriminate on the grounds of 'gender reassignment'*
Anchorage Municipal Code (I've only read the snippets and arguments in this judgment, I'm sure it's more complicated than this) - it looks like you decide whether it's lawful to discriminate on the grounds of 'sex or gender identity' at the same time.
I wonder if we're missing a trick here - I know we're all understandably hypervigilant about the conflation of sex and gender, especially where the law is concerned, but what struck me reading this judgment is the argument that 'TWAW' was not used. Everything hinged on whether it was legal for the shelter to discriminate on the grounds of 'sex or gender identity' - or not. Either/or.
And of course it's legal, homeless shelters are listed as a specific exception under the most relevant bit of the code. So they can do both, they can say 'we admit anybody born female including those who say they are men; we don't admit anybody born male even those who say they are women.'
By contrast, the UK EA is structured in such a way that you first have to justify why something is single sex and then face an additional fight about what that means.
An example of getting this badly wrong is Kairos Women's Space's recent advert for a project worker, to work with women who 'may have experienced struggles with mental wellbeing, addictions, involvement in the criminal justice system and domestic/sexual abuse.' -
Please note that this post is open to women only under the Equality Act 2010, Schedule 9, Part 1 (inclusive of non-binary people, trans and intersex women.)
goodmoves.com/vacancy/a4s0N000000H3CPQA0/kairos-womens-space-project-worker
So they went to the trouble of invoking the single-sex exception but then rendered it completely meaningless. How is it possible for this to be a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim regarding sex, but not regarding gender reassignment? Doesn't the inclusion of some male people negate the claim that making this job women only is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim in the first place? What is the aim? How is this a proportionate means?
As soon as something is announced as 'women only' or 'for women', certain male people who enjoy trampling on women's boundaries will flock like moths to a flame and the two stage process in the UK EA gives them an 'in' to argue that of course a service etc. should be single-sex but TWAW so they should be included.
The Anchorage Municipal Code conflates 'sex or gender identity' into a single category which looks scary as fuck but it appears to mean that if it is lawful to discriminate on the grounds of sex then it is also lawful to discriminate on the grounds of gender identity.
I think this case is worth watching, as well as any other cases where the law puts 'sex or gender identity' into a single category.
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*UK Equality Act says - A person has the protected characteristic of gender reassignment if the person is proposing to undergo, is undergoing or has undergone a process (or part of a process) for the purpose of reassigning the person's sex by changing physiological or other attributes of sex.
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/section/7