I see what you mean OP, but I think you are coming at it from the view that what women are "taking" is men's by right in the first place. I often try and correct my thinking with a probability narrative.
Picking one professional group as an example, let's say, in a group of 100 accountants, 50% get to "Middle" position and 20% get to "Senior " level during their career. (for later, let's also split that 20% into the 10 who are "good" at the Senior role, and a "mediocre" half: the lower 10 in Senior role)
At one point, 100% of the 20 Seniors would be men, because all accountants were men. Men accountants had a 50% chance of being Middle and a 20% chance of being Senior.
Once women were allowed to be accountants, a few women with real apt for numbers pushed through the education system and became accountants, but the majority were still men. So say there are still 100 entry positions, there are now 20 women and 80 men. This means 20 men who (assuming meritocracy) were less qualified than the other 80 men lose out on entry to Junior role.
However, when it comes to advancing up the career ladder, the systematic discrimination against women still meant that those 20 excellent women were unable to advance (due to pregnancy, maternity leaves, and lack of childcare options that support a demanding job). Therefore, they are stuck at Junior level.
This means that the other 80 men now have a 1 in 4 (rather than 1 in 5) shot to reach Senior level.
(At the minute in most industries, I think we are somewhere between this ^ position and the one to follow)
Once we slowly start dismantling the barriers to women's progress, then the 20 talented women (remember they are more capable on average than the men, as they had to overcome hurdles to get there) start to take 20 of the 50 "Middle" positions that men would have got previously. The 20 displaced mediocre men are stuck at Junior level and feel this is unfair.
Eventually, the 20 Middle role women then aim for the Senior roles too.
Instead of the 20 people doing the Senior role being 10 good men and 10 mediocre men, they are now 10 good men and 10 good women.
The displaced 10 mediocre men feel this is unfair.
However, on a microeconomic level, this is good news, because there are now more talented people doing the Middle and Senior jobs and the company's output and performance improves, because mediocre men aren't dragging it down.
On a macro level, it pays more tax, is more productive, GDP increases and the economy grows.
For a company, instead of having to pick the 20 Seniors from a resource pool of 100 men, where only 10 are competent and 10 are mediocre, you now have access to another resource pool, where you can find another 10 people who are as talented as your top 10 men.
Now that the talent pool has doubled, this means the men (and women) who don't make the cut can go and use their skills where they are better suited.
If I had used doctors rather than accountants, then this scenario would be even better because we'd have more doctors in the top level of capability which means more of the brightest minds working on advances in medicine, which would benefit everyone in society. Alas, I picked finance.