I was thinking this morning about the trans women are women mantra.
I developed asthma quite late in life and was very surprised to see the difference in peak flow (lung capacity?) - the amount and force in which you can expel a big breath quickly - as being so very different between the sexes.
This article is interesting as the person had lung issues and apparently started puberty late and then had blockers not long after, so I don't know how their lungs have developed, beyond a quote saying the lung capacity will be bigger.
However - there is clearly a difference early on, probably linked to early puberty. The peak flow chart shows a marked difference in sexes from age 15. Up to then I believe it's based on height but the peak flow monitor leaflet notes a difference in sexes.
If someone transitioning has asthma, the dr would still refer to the chart for their original sex for medical purposes.
For comparison, my best peak flow is around 140/130. I struggle below 100 and am quite ill at 90. (Which isn't much difference). But the difference between my peak flows and a males even if they're having issues is still large.
I just thought I'd point out an example of how there is a definite difference that is pertinent to both sex medically and within sport.