Yes, I think that probably does have an effect, Jing.
I notice something very simple at university: (or at mine, anyway, where we mark them on oral performance in seminars (and tbh the mark is just a carrot; the main benefit they get is testing out ideas, and without that they disadvantage themselves in essays). There will be a seminar discussion. Most men will happily interrupt or talk over someone else if they are keen to speak. Not very obviously, of course - you'd barely notice it unless you were watching. It is just enthusiasm, and that is good. Many women, though, wait for a pause or a silence before they start to speak.
Inevitably, this means that men speak more than women, and I tend to have to intervene and ask 'Sarah, what's your view?' or similar such directed questions. This means, effectively, that I end up targeting mostly female students. I am a young woman and a student myself, so I don't think I'm hugely intimidating. But I can see exactly why some students feel picked on. It's really hard to know exactly what to do. I think being a woman student can be so full of different pitfalls, it is very difficult to work out how to get the most out of it all. I end up wanting to say 'look, who spent 19 years telling you to be polite and not speak out of turn - forget it!'. But the fact is, they have got that message, and socially, they will still get judged for the behaviour the teaching system would reward.