A great book is Christina Hardyment's Dream babies From Locke to Spock.
It doesn't really compare across cultures but across time. From the eighteenth century to the late twentieth. A fascinating insight into how many trends in parenting are not new at all but a rehash of old ideas and a more balanced view of a victorian childhood.
Quite hard to get hold off, the american version is more availbale than the english ( that is called Dream babies three centuries of good advice on childcare) but well worth the read.