Shakespeare - really? I was having a tease at my own ponciness there ... here's a selection, anyway ...
Nothing before age 5, and then an outdoor Midsummer Night's Dream, done with magically lovely fairies and OTT pantomime-like mechanicals. (Regent's Park did us proud here.)
Some of the comedies (& poss romances) can work between 5 and 10 - ds loved Twelfth Night at 7, but he went with school and according to teacher he was the only one in the entire theatre who was actually getting it. I think he'd get some of The Tempest too, specially if the music were done well. But you'd have to be careful, because that's the age when off-putting could get fixed.
Then, between 10 and 14 (depending on how gothic a child you have), a super-atmospheric Macbeth. I saw a flyer once for a promenade version, done at night by lamplight, through one of those Georgian-or-earlier folly mansions whose construction was never finished. Can you think of anything better? (The Japanese Macbeth - Ninagawa - at the Edinburgh Festival, decades ago, was wonderful for that too, but given that it was all in Japanese, maybe ahem a bit much for a 10yo).
Romeo & Juliet, obviously, is for teenagers being tossed about in their first agonized crush, and thinking that their parents can't possibly get it.
Coriolanus is for early-twenties, when you think that you're out to get the world, and that your parents can't possibly get it and it's basically all their fault.
Titus Andronicus also twenties-ish, when you really enjoy a fabulous communal camp guignol.
The Sonnets (which I'm indulging in at the moment) are for thirties/forties - there's clearly a decade-plus age gap between Mr W.H. (who's not an adolescent) and the Poet.
Ant & Cleo has to be middle-age, doesn't it? (Sob)
I'm not sure about Lear.
I haven't re-read the other Roman plays, or the histories, for ages. I should really. But the above is enough, isn't it?!