I was totally befuddled by the pickled limes. I also first had a copy that was abridged, and for some reason referred to them exclusively as “pickles” instead. The only American “pickle” I had encountered was gherkins, so I spent a lot of time bemusedly imagining that Amy’s schoolfriends were trading pickled gherkins as a delicacy, which totally confused me. To be honest, the pickled limes don’t sound better - I could sort of imagine why gherkins might be enjoyable, but not the limes! (I did once read a blog where someone made them to see what they were like, and said they were actually quite nice, though!)
Re Beth, scarlet fever in the pre-antibiotic age often caused rheumatic fever, an autoimmune inflammatory disease that in a few people develops after having initially recovered from scarlet fever. It causes joint pain, weakness, fatigue and heart damage, and in severe cases becomes rheumatic heart disease, which weakens the heart muscle and causes heart failure. I assume that Beth actually died of heart failure, which was difficult to treat at that time as there’s no effective cure for rheumatic fever and certainly at the time they would not have had any way of treating that kind of heart failure.
Scarlet fever is caused by a bacterium rather than a virus, so these days just an ordinary course of antibiotics prevents patients from going on to develop rheumatic fever and heart damage. Occasionally it pops up as a disease even today - my DD actually got it when she was about five, when there was a surge in cases. We were just prescribed ordinary penicillin for seven days. If you mention it people always say “oh it’s what Beth died of in Little Women!” But essentially it’s just a form of strep A tonsillitis, where the Strep bacterium has been infected by a bacteriophage that causes an immune reaction in the patient (the characteristic strawberry skin rash). These days super treatable — let’s hope antibiotic resistance doesn’t in the future take away our ability to treat childhood diseases like scarlet fever!