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New Year, New Fallen Woman: Elizabeth Gaskell's Ruth Readalong

586 replies

BishyBarnyBee · 28/12/2023 07:42

Following the very successful Madame Bovary readalong, we have decided to explore another woman who refused to be bound by contemporary mores.
So shocking at the time, two of Gaskell's friends burnt their copies.

"Elizabeth Gaskell's Ruth (1853) was the first mainstream novel to make a fallen woman its eponymous heroine. It is a remarkable story of love, of the sanctuary and tyranny of the family, and of the consequences of lies and deception, one that lays bare Victorian hypocrisy and sexual double-standards. Shocking to contemporary readers, its radical utopian vision of a pure woman faithfully presented predates Hardy's Tess by nearly forty years."

We will aim for two chapters a week - a weekend chapter and a mid week chapter. If I have time, I'll try and do a ChatGPT chapter summary, but anyone else is welcome to jump in if I haven't got there first.

We start 1st Jan, so if you are up for a bit of Victorian passion, guilt, regret and redemption, sign up here!

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BishyBarnyBee · 28/03/2024 11:14

Oh, this chapter is so very sad.

Ruth's distress is visceral and the moment when he refers to Leonard as her bastard is just agonising. Bradshaw's red-faced self righteousness, coming so soon after his hypocrisy in chapter 25, is both convincing and maddening, and the absolute shattering of everything Ruth has built is tragic.

Jemima is an absolute star, though. Her battle with her conscience has shown her to be a truly good person, and she is the only person in her family who has the courage to stand up to her father's tyranny. That she does this for a woman she has hated as a rival shows real strength of character. Ruth is going to need all the friends she can muster after this chapter.

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narniabusiness · 28/03/2024 13:30

A lovely summary once more Bishy. I can’t really add anything to your comments either as you’ve summed it up so well. Bradshaw’s self righteous bullying and Jemima’s courage in the face of it are so well portrayed.

Buttalapasta · 28/03/2024 17:24

I've finished the book. It got gripping!

Sadik · 28/03/2024 17:48

I love how Bradshaw so conveniently forgets his own conniving at bribery in his self-righteous anger towards Ruth.

I'm really enjoying the readalong partly because I feel like it reflects how contemporary readers would have experienced these novels, waiting for each chapter to be published in that month's magazine, and then discussing it with their friends. (Hence trying to resist reading ahead too much!)

Tarahumara · 28/03/2024 19:46

Oh poor Ruth! Thank you @BishyBarnyBee for another great summary. @Sadik I love that idea!

StColumbofNavron · 29/03/2024 10:54

I read this chapter last week and really had to sit on my hands because I thought it was so superbly executed. Bradshaw and his hypocrisy, Ruth and her agony and the absolutely amazing Jemima. The last two chapters really brought to life the dilemma she felt she was in, but it was wonderful to see her defend Ruth in defiance of her father.

BishyBarnyBee · 29/03/2024 12:01

StColumbofNavron · 29/03/2024 10:54

I read this chapter last week and really had to sit on my hands because I thought it was so superbly executed. Bradshaw and his hypocrisy, Ruth and her agony and the absolutely amazing Jemima. The last two chapters really brought to life the dilemma she felt she was in, but it was wonderful to see her defend Ruth in defiance of her father.

Yes, so glad we hung on in there though the overly pious midsection of the book!

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cassandre · 29/03/2024 22:48

I have just caught up after falling behind. Yes, Jemima is amazing! I wasn't expecting that reaction on her part at all. Hurrah for female solidarity!

cassandre · 29/03/2024 22:58

Btw @BishyBarnyBee , I forgot to thank you for mentioning that Nancy Mitford translated The Princesse de Cleves into English; I didn't know that! I'll definitely seek out her introduction. The translation I know and like is the Oxford World Classics one by Terence Cave (it also has a great introduction), but I'm sure the Penguin one would be fine too.

Actually, it took me several attempts to read The Princesse de Cleves, because although it's short, there is a wealth of historical detail at the beginning (loads of names) and that initially put me off. It's worth persevering though past the opening pages!

Les Liaisons dangereuses is quite simply a masterpiece...

narniabusiness · 30/03/2024 08:39

I agree about Liaisons Dangereuses. J’adore. I did come to it via the film which I’ve probably watched 100 times as the casting and design are superb.
Not suggesting it as a read along (because it’s a bit of a mammoth) but another fallen woman book with a strong religious message is Clarissa. Its another one I read after seeing a TV adaptation and really enjoyed (after getting through some seemingly endless opening scene setting).

BishyBarnyBee · 30/03/2024 22:24

Chapter 28

In which Ruth tells Leonard of her disgrace, Bradshaw cuts a lifelong tie with the Bensons, Thurstan persuades Ruth her duty is in Eccleston with Leonard, and Faith soothes with violet-tea and soft loving tones.

Mrs Pearson, the gossiping dressmaker, has ensured that most of Eccleston knew Ruth's secret before it reached Bradshaw's ears. Ruth returns home, frightening Leonard with her woeful look of agony. She asks for one last kiss in the old way, then tells him that when she was young, she did wrong in a way he cannot understand. She warns that he will suffer through life when people throw his illegitimacy in his teeth then, with bitter shame, sees a strange look of repugnance on his face as he realises what she is saying. His eyes blaze with earnestness as he tells her there never was such a mother as she and he will knock down anyone who says otherwise. In the sweetest, saddest tone, she reminds him she said it herself because it was true, and they cling together, Leonard panting like some hunted creature.

She warns him there will be hard trials ahead, but that while her sin may make him an outcast in the world, only his own sin can ever make him an outcast from God. When he leaves the room to sob behind the sofa, Ruth collapses, thinking again that death is the only solution to her position, and might lead cruel hearts to relent and show pity on Leonard.

Benson has been summonsed by Bradshaw who demands to know if he was aware of the character of the woman living beneath his roof. Benson says Bradshaw cannot upbraid him any more than his own conscience has for the years of deceit, even though it was for a good end. Bradshaw responds with withering contempt to this suggestion, stamping his foot as he asks why Benson introduced his sinning protege into his household, exposing his innocent children to corruption.

Benson insists that he would have died rather than expose the girls to any danger. His household had watched Ruth anxiously for a year or more and, seeing no glimpse of boldness or want of conscientiousness, felt she deserved the gentle tender help that Jesus gave once to Mary Magdalen.

Bradshaw calls Benson "a man who has deluded himself into considering falsehood right". He no longer regards him as a fitting exponent of the will of God and will no longer attend his chapel. Benson bows and leaves in silence, with a huge sense of loss at the severance of the long and largely happy friendship with the Bradshaws.

He returns to the house to find Ruth in a trembling, feverish state, determined to leave so that Leonard will be spared her disgrace. She plans to seek work in her mother's home town of Helmsley, but sobs as she wonders if her mother knows where and what she is. Benson tells her it would be a sin to sever the tie with Leonard, who needs his mother's love. He urges her to be brave and faithful, and to answer to God, not to men's opinions and esteem.

He urges her to have courage to bear the trials God has sent her, and teach Leonard to do the same. He feels they have all been cowards in trying to find an easier way for Ruth. When Faith returns, they discuss this, but she still feels they did the right thing. The years of peace have helped Ruth grow stronger and wiser so she can bear her shame now in a way she never could have done at first. Ruth puts the exhausted Leonard to bed, then Faith leads Ruth to rest, bringing her a cup of soothing violet-tea - "not so soothing as tender actions and soft loving tones."

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BishyBarnyBee · 30/03/2024 22:47

It was very hard for me not to do a Mrs Gaskell and insert an authorly comment when Bradshaw calls Benson "a man who has deluded himself into considering falsehood right". I was outraged on Benson's behalf that this hypocritical, self-seeking, pompous ass could criticise the practically sainted Thurstan, who never acts without searching his conscience for guidance. How easy it is for a supposedly religious pillar of the community to forget his own shortcomings while frothing at the mouth thinking of a beautiful young girl's sin.

Ruth's repeated thoughts that she would be better dead are very well written throughout the book, I think. It is literally the only way out she can see, and she is repeatedly saved from it by the goodness and love of the Benson household. It is noticeable that she is much quicker to reject the idea this time and that Benson is able to break through her trembling state when he tells her they love her too much for her to leave them.

Faith is also lovely at the end of the chapter - we've all had those days where what we needed was soft loving tones and a cup of violet-tea. I think she is right when she says the years of peace have made Ruth strong enough to bear what would have broken her when she first came to Eccleston.

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BishyBarnyBee · 30/03/2024 22:54

Are we leaning towards Dangerous Liaisons for our next fallen woman?

Sparknotes has a full summary of Dangerous Liaisons organised in 175 letters divided into 15 exchanges. Those of you who've read it - would it work as a letter a day? An exchange a week?

Or if some of you have already read it, would you rather do something new to you? Should we do a poll?

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Tarahumara · 31/03/2024 06:48

I've never read Dangerous Liaisons but I absolutely love the film so would be happy to join a read along. Or a poll is a good idea too.

Buttalapasta · 31/03/2024 13:18

I read DL 30 years ago but, unsurprisingly, can't really remember it. Definitely up for a reread! I read it in French first time around but can't remember how accessible it was.

FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 31/03/2024 14:13

I would love to read Les Liaisons Dangéreuses. I would try to read it in French.

Thank you as ever Bishy for your brilliant summaries. I'm glad we have reached an interesting* *moment in the book.

StColumbofNavron · 31/03/2024 18:40

I’m happy to read whatever the majority decide.

Pamela, is another, interesting, if totally bonkers and rather annoying one.

Dangerous Liaisons sounds great though, I have never seen the film or read the book so I actually don’t have any idea about the story other than what the movie poster and the title tell me.

cassandre · 31/03/2024 22:15

Thank you for the summary, Bishy! I also liked Faith at the end of this chapter. Her response to her brother's worries that he made the wrong decision about Ruth is quite bracing.

And yes, Bradshaw's hypocrisy is appalling. The thing is, he's utterly confident that he has the moral high ground. Ugh.

As a pastor's daughter, I grew up only too familiar with the scenario of 'Ooh, the pastor has said/done something I don't like, so I'm leaving this church and finding another one' !!!

I like the way Gaskell has structured the narrative in stages, so that Ruth first encounters her past in the form of Bellingham/Donne finding out her secret, and it is only later that the rest of her social circle find out. It gives us the opportunity to see her rejecting Bellingham and showing some strong agency, before her identity becomes more widely known and her reputation is compromised.

cassandre · 31/03/2024 22:22

I will never turn down an opportunity to read Liaisons, but I'd also be happy to go with something else depending on the common consensus.

If we did go with Laclos, I think a letter a day would work. Some letters are short, whereas others are much longer. The Spark Notes division of the text into 15 'exchanges' isn't a division that exists within the text itself. There are many different characters writing to one another, so the letters form a kind of network or web rather than being straightforward back-and-forth exchanges.

Midnightstar76 · 01/04/2024 19:06

Well have raced ahead a bit as thought I was very behind. I feel at this point huge injustice for how Ruth is cast as this terrible person. When indeed the true villain is Donne. Dreadful how she is made to feel shame years later. Can she ever find peace in her life?

BishyBarnyBee · 03/04/2024 15:58

Chapter 28
In which the Benson household adjusts to the new situation, Farquhar and Jemima bond in sympathy for Ruth, Farquhar rebounds in Jemima's direction and a secret joyful understanding is reached.

Every day brings new pain, as Eccleston responds to the news of Ruth's disgrace. The Bradshaw's empty pew causes Thurstan particular regret and he feels awkward meeting Jemima in the street but she grasps his hands with honest delight. She knows she must obey her father, but is desperate for news of Ruth. Her eyes fill with tears as she acknowledges that if not for her social position, her headstrong and passionate nature might have made her just like Ruth, or worse.

Leonard is barely coping, fearing to go into the streets to be pointed at as an object of remark. Ruth wants to be useful but "the waters of housekeeping had closed over her place" while she worked for the Bradshaws. She brings in a small income from occasional needlework, but the household budget is suffering the loss of her £40 salary and the Bradshaw's £20 pew-rent, which Thurstan has returned on principle.

Jemima and Farquhar have bonded over their shared sympathy for Ruth. He cares enough to be saddened by any censure of her name, but is thankful he never expressed his regard and thinks his affection was unobserved. Jemima had not only observed it but is aware that he has rebounded towards her largely because of her courage in championing Ruth. She asks Farquhar to visit the Bensons to enquire about Ruth. He begins with general conversation, and we learn that Donne has been jilted by his fiancee, whose Baronet father has been exposed as a gaming cheat. They discuss Leonard and hatch a plan to get him out of the house each day to collect Farquhar's copy of the Times.

The regular contact between Farquhar and Benson is a conduit for news between the two estranged families, but Jemima is frustrated by the lack of detail in Farquhar's reports. He agrees to visit to ask more penetrating questions and when she thanks him warmly, begs her to call him Walter. Jemima wants to yield to his tone of voice but she is afraid to give way and teases him that he is too old and it would be disrespectful. When he rises coldly to leave the room, an impulse makes her use his name.

He turns round, glowing with delight, while she turns as red as a rose and drops her eyes to the ground. They remain downcast for the next half hour, which Gaskell tactfully draws a veil over. An agreement has been reached but she asks him not to tell her father and they enjoy a secret joyful understanding in their hearts.

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Ginitwouldberudenottoo · 03/04/2024 17:57

Commenting to be able to find the post again
im playing catch up her, albeit very slowly !

BishyBarnyBee · 04/04/2024 07:12

Ginitwouldberudenottoo · 03/04/2024 17:57

Commenting to be able to find the post again
im playing catch up her, albeit very slowly !

I've never managed to be consistent in a Mumsnet read along and find I either fall behind or get gripped and read ahead. It's only offering to lead this one that's forced me to stay on track this time. But they have made me read things I wouldn't otherwise and I think they are one of the best things about Mumsnet. I think it's very normal to dip in and out, glad you made it back!

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ChessieFL · 04/04/2024 07:34

I’m also usually a bit behind so haven’t been commenting - by the time I’ve caught up everything I would want to say has been said!

However I am on time now. I did find the engagement scene a bit odd - one minute they’re pissed off with each other, the next minute she says his name and suddenly they’re falling all over each other! Very strange, although I know most engagement scenes in books of that time were rather similar, seeming to come a bit out of the blue when read with modern eyes.

And talking of reading with modern eyes, this is quite a hard book to read in a way because we are reading it with modern eyes, where we’re appalled at the treatment of Ruth. I wonder where the sympathies of contemporary readers would have lain? Would they also have felt Ruth was very hard done by, or would they have felt that she was a harlot who deserved everything she got?

narniabusiness · 04/04/2024 07:55

Interesting question @ChessieFL. I think if you were reading Mrs G at the time you were probably aligned with her way of thinking and she does go to great pains to show that Ruth was just a motherless young girl who is taken advantage of and who lives a blameless life in all other respects . I would put it in the same category as The Tennant if Wildfell Hall in that both books take an action that was widely condemned and explain how a decent person could have ended up taking that step. In Wildfell Hall it’s a woman leaving her husband iirc. I think both novels were written with the aim of challenging stereotypes and the unkind condemning behaviour we see from Mr Bradshaw.

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