I finished Epilogue 2 and the appendix, so am now an expert on historical causality, power, necessity and freedom. (LOL no!)
I mostly just let the prose wash over me without trying too hard to analyse it, but I liked the image of the ‘cone’ in Ch. 7: the idea that the military people at the top of the cone have the most power to give orders, but participate least in direct action, whereas conversely, the people at the bottom who have the least power end up doing all the hard work. This seems to me very true of modern warfare as well. I think of Putin giving orders and young Russian soldiers dying. 😥
I found the appendix much more accessible than Epilogue 2. I liked this quote in particular, where Tolstoy talks about the historical period his work depicts, and defends himself against critics who think he doesn’t adequately portray the brutality of it:
Studying letters, diaries, legends, I did not find all the horrors of that brutality in a greater degree than I find them now or at any other time. In those times, too, people loved, envied, sought truth, virtue, were carried away by passions; there was the same complex mental and moral life, sometimes even more refined than now, among the upper classes.
OK, that last bit shows some class prejudice, but in general, I completely agree with Tolstoy that it is a mistake to perceive earlier eras in history as more barbaric/violent/brutal than our own. In my own era, we have nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and huge global inequality. And on the positive side, human life is always enormously complex and interesting, no matter which period of history or which culture you look at.
I also admire how hybrid War and Peace is in terms of genre. Traditionally in Western literature, the epic is the story of a nation or people, while the novel (or earlier, the medieval romance) tells the story of individuals. War and Peace does both. The hybrid genre is a way of reinforcing Tolstoy’s point that history isn’t just about rulers and great men (I’m drawing on Gradesaver and Schmoop here, ha!), but also about the lives of ordinary people.