As someone mentioned, it's used in relation to watching an entire TV series in a short time. I must admit I have done it with a newly discovered author or character I have enjoyed.
It started when I was given all the Famous Five books for my 8th birthday. Even though I had read most of them, I re-read the entire series in order in a couple of weeks.
As an adult there have been innumerable times I have read one book by a new new author and been totally charmed for some reason and read everything they've written in a couple of weeks.This varies from the fairly mundane like Liane Moriarty or Paul Temple to, I suppose, slightly more challenging like Arnold Bennett or Trollope after enjoying a TV serialisation of one of their books. It need not be an author but can be a character eg Lindsey Davis's Falco books or Karin Slaughter's Will Trent books - I can take or leave other books by the same authors.
In any case, it's as if I have to gobble (and you thought "binge" was distasteful) down the books, and then wait in sweaty anticipation for the next one to be published.