A stunning book, although not at all well-known, is The Cap, or the Price of a Life, by Roman Frister.
It is a Holocaust autobiography. Frister was a young, spoiled,middle class boy in Germany when War broke out.
He recounts his story, of becoming in many ways the head of the family as he went out to work the black market, whilst his parents could not leave the house, and then his experiences in concentration camp.
He deals brilliantly with moral contingencies, survivor guilt and his own culpability. For example, whilst in concentration camp he was prepared to take at face value his father's assertion that he was not hungry and accept his father's food ration.
I heard him on R4 discussing an event which is not in the book, where several hundred concentration camp inmates were led out to the edge of a pit, where a doctor injected them with something to kill them. The bodies were then thrown into the pit. The doctor in fact only pretended to inject a significant percentage of the people in line, so that they were able to creep out of the pit in the middle of night and escape. After the war the doctor was brought up or war crime charges for this incident, for all the people who died that day, whereas within the concentration camp at the time his actions were seen as incredibly courageous, because he saved many people. If he had refused both he and all the inmates would almost certainly have been killed.
Not sure if it is a rite of passage book exactly, but the protagonist is a teenager and it is so thought-provoking and moving.
What really makes it is the restrained elegant writing by the way.