I teach EFL to adults so quite different but we are definitely taught to get the students to do the work, not the teacher! So quite easy IMO because it's mostly what I do.
For vocab: Give them the words on pieces of paper and get them to match up to pictures. They do it in groups (guessing, going off prior knowledge) and then check in a dictionary or you give the answers. Then some kind of activity (preferably practical/verbal, not written) to practise using the words, get pron down, get more comfortable with them, form them properly in various sentences, etc. First with the pictorial guides visible and later without.
Or - present each word in context where the rest is familiar language and the meaning is unambiguous. Like if you said "I keep my clothes in a flibble, my flibble is made of wood and has two doors and a rail." It's clear that "flibble" means wardrobe. To get the info needed in your sentence you need to work backwards - think what it is and what it's not, what makes it different from other similar things? The definition of wardrobe:
- Place to keep clothes
- Has a rail
- Has doors, rather than drawers
- Usually made of wood, possibly canvas or plastic.
So you need all of these elements to be in the context.
For grammar - yes to getting them to figure out the rule themselves from several similar examples. Ask them why this sentence is different to that and how the meaning changes, and then get them to produce their own examples from a prompt/situation.
You can combine both new vocab and unfamiliar grammar (or grammar which they know but is wobbly) or something practical about language use (e.g. formal vs informal language) with a reading or listening activity. Then bring speaking or writing in at the end for them to practise, and link the topic into the listening/reading topic to tie it all together. This does depend on how long the lesson is - don't try to cram too much in.
Is that helpful or not?