Venture capital (VC) essentially works like this. A group of people go around to rich people and big funds and say give me money for a period of time, I will invest it alongside my own money in early to mid-stage companies, then I will sell these stakes and give you a return. And get my fee.
Once the VC has gathered money from investors then they need to find companies to invest in. They need to verify that the founders are who they say they are, the technology is patented, the market opportunity is there, etc. and this process is called due diligence.
It is hard enough finding and then conducting due diligence on companies in developed countries but finding potential investment targets in emerging markets is difficult as there are fewer networking opportunities and many companies come with exposure to politically exposed persons (PEPs). The danger is once you have invested in a company with a PEP and the company leadership purposely steals the money versus using it to grow the business...well what is your legal recourse if the leadership is protected by a PEP?
Due diligence in emerging markets also presents a different degree of difficulty due to a lack of data, corruption, infrastructure shortfalls impacting ability to scale (i.e. impact of constant power outages on manufacturing processes), etc.
Essentially, 500 Global is leaning on the due diligence that Earthshot has already done so they have a pre-screened group of potential investment targets to investigate. But since 500 Global has to live up to its fund documents (all the legal language in fund documents around 500 Global doing its own homework) 500 Global will still do their own extensive due diligence.