My 2 rescue brothers sleep most of the day and wake up at night so if your cat is similar they'd barely notice your absence at work.
I put food down when they wake ( 8-10pm ish) and then leave them a meal to eat during the night / early morning. ( Plus dried food.)
They come and go through the cat flap at will. No litter trays after the first few weeks when they were kept in. You need to be aware that some, especially rescue, cats may need quite a long time before they will settle and trust you. Think months at least.
NB I thought I could feed them together but of course I can't because they don't have exactly the same habits. So, I fill up their plates as above and then again when I get up but they may or may not eat then/later...
Food which is rejected / not eaten etc is put out for the birds/ foxes/ badger. Before you ask, cats cannot be starved into submission. If they don't fancy tuna today, they don't, no matter how hungry they are or how much they liked it yesterday. Oh and they don't take orders or even understand the concept at all.
So you could follow a similar schedule. I also have 2 Catmate cat feeders which are wonderful for those times when you need to leave them for longer. ( upto 4 days ). I wouldn't put the cats into a cattery because it would freak them out. They are territorial animals and need to stay put / wander round their territory and keep other cats at bay. My neighbour/son will check up on them.
One of mine sleeps indoors ( mainly ), one will go out whatever the weather and sleep under a bush etc. It has to be very rainy, cold, windy to stop him going out. ( He also will hunt but doesn't bring his voles back anymore, thank goodness.)
From 2 timid not to say terrified cats who hid all the time, they are now lovely and friendly but it takes time. They take me for walks down the road ( the neighbours think I'm mad ), can spend huge amounts of time being brushed and stroked only to see me in the garden and freak out and rush away. That's cats for you.
Very rewarding and don't worry, they'll train you in no time.