Just to let you know ita entirely cultural.
When i moved to france i specifically chose a ground floor flat with a view to getting two rescues.
But all the rescues were absolutely horrified and wouldnt let me adopt, saying it was completely inacceptable and cruel to allow cats to free roam in an urban setting.
I was like
coming from the uk where the opposite was true.
That made me rethink my own policy.
I now live in a rooftop flat and have built a massive catio on the roof, with an access tunnel that runs the length of the flat via the window.
Im sure there are days when one pf my cats would love to frolic freely in nature, and one day when i live in the countryside he will. But i rescued them both from a home where they were shut in a corridor, that was their life. Now they have a big flat with loads of toys, and a secure access space with plants and a huge climbing tree and platforms where they hunt insects and sleep in the sun. They seem happy.
If they were left to roam here they wpuld be killed by cars or taken in by someone as people here arent used to seeing random cats chilling on pavements.
I think the view that cats should roam dates back - it isnt the 50s anymore, we now have almost five times as many cars on the street, its just not as safe as it would once have been.
I totally understand the idea of "but they should be freeeee" because i once had that view. But if its giving them the freedom to be hit by cars or poisoned i guess you have to wonder whether thats really the right call. We wouldnt allow a dog to free roam.
I do however believe all cats should have access to the outdoors - just not to roam, at least not in towns or cities.